Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with HA-MRSA, skin and soft tissue infection as per SCCmec type isolated (n = 200)
| Characteristics | HA-SCCmec I/II/III MRSA (n = 125) | HA-SCCmec IV/V MRSA (n = 75) | OR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± s.d. | 34·58 ± 18·84 | 31·42 ± 22·87 | 0·99 | 0·98–1·01 | 0·29 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 83 (66·4) | 52 (69·3) | 1·0 | ||
| Female | 42 (33·6) | 23 (30·7) | 0·87 | 0·47–1·62 | 0·67 |
| Patient location | |||||
| Medical ward | 56 (44·8) | 31 (41·3) | 1·0 | ||
| Surgical ward | 56 (44·8) | 37 (49·3) | 1·02 | 0·37–2·85 | 0·96 |
| ICU | 13 (10·4) | 7 (9·3) | 1·22 | 0·45–3·36 | 0·69 |
| Duration of hospital stay (days) before culture | 18·5 ± 18·89 | 15·65 ± 11·96 | 0·99 | 0·97–1·01 | 0·26 |
| 0–9 | 41 (32·8) | 27 (36·0) | 1·0 | ||
| 10–19 | 34 (27·2) | 22 (29·3) | 0·98 | 0·48–2·03 | 0·96 |
| ⩾20 | 38 (30·4) | 23 (30·7) | 0·92 | 0·45–1·87 | 0·82 |
| Unknown | 12 (9·6) | 3 (4·0) | 0·38 | 0·10–1·47 | 0·16 |
| Panton–Valentine leukocidin | 3 (2·4) | 37 (49·3) | 39·6 | 11·56–135·7 | <0·001 |
| Risk factors associated | |||||
| Intravenous catheter in use at time of culture | 89 (70·2) | 51 (68·0) | 0·86 | 0·46–1·60 | 0·63 |
| Urinary catheter in use at time of culture | 52 (41·6) | 28 (37·3) | 0·84 | 0·46–1·51 | 0·55 |
| Inter-hospital transfer | 19 (15·2) | 9 (12·0) | 0·76 | 0·32–1·78 | 0·53 |
| Intra-hospital transfer | 38 (30·4) | 31 (41·3) | 1·6 | 0·89–2·93 | 0·12 |
| Previous hospitalization (<6 months) | 55 (44·0) | 37 (49·3) | 1·24 | 0·70–2·20 | 0·46 |
| ICU admission before culture | 35 (28·0) | 25 (33·3) | 1·29 | 0·69–2·39 | 0·43 |
| Endotracheal intubations | 26 (20·8) | 9 (12·0) | 0·52 | 0·23–1·18 | 0·12 |
| Prosthetic devices | 3 (2·4) | 8 (10·7) | 4·86 | 1·25–18·92 | 0·023 |
| Underlying diseases/conditions | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (9·6) | 9 (12·0) | 1·28 | 0·51–3·21 | 0·59 |
| Bone fracture | 7 (5·6) | 8 (10·7) | 2·01 | 0·70–5·80 | 0·16 |
| Osteomyelitis | 9 (7·2) | 1 (1·3) | 0·17 | 0·02–1·40 | 0·1 |
| Malignancies/leukaemia | 17 (13·6) | 10 (13·3) | 0·98 | 0·42–2·26 | 0·96 |
| Chronic renal disease | 2 (1·6) | 5 (6·7) | 4·39 | 0·83–23·34 | 0·08 |
| HIV infection | 0 (0·0) | 1 (1·3) | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·2 |
| Sepsis | 19 (15·2) | 10 (13·3) | 0·86 | 0·38–1·96 | 0·72 |
| Multi-organ failure | 6 (4·8) | 2 (2·7) | 0·54 | 0·11–2·76 | 0·46 |
| Respiratory tract infections | 7 (5·6) | 8 (10·7) | 2·01 | 0·67–5·80 | 0·2 |
| Non-infectious dermatosis* | 19 (15·2) | 14 (18·7) | 1·28 | 0·60–2·74 | 0·52 |
| Infected burns | 15 (12·0) | 1 (1·3) | 0·1 | 0·01–0·77 | 0·027 |
| Recent antimicrobial therapy† | |||||
| β-lactams | 99 (79·2) | 56 (74·7) | 0·77 | 0·39–1·52 | 0·46 |
| Aminoglycosides | 56 (44·8) | 31 (41·3) | 0·87 | 0·49–1·55 | 0·63 |
| Metronidazole | 36 (28·8) | 13 (17·3) | 0·52 | 0·25–1·06 | 0·07 |
| Quinolones | 32 (25·6) | 17 (23·7) | 0·85 | 0·43–1·67 | 0·64 |
| Linezolid | 23 (18·4) | 14 (18·7) | 1·02 | 0·49–2·13 | 0·96 |
| Glycopeptides | 17 (13·6) | 13 (17·3) | 1·33 | 0·61–2·93 | 0·48 |
| Clindamycin | 8 (6·4) | 2 (2·7) | 0·4 | 0·08–1·94 | 0·26 |
| Co-trimoxazole | 3 (2·4) | 2 (2·7) | 1·11 | 0·18–6·83 | 0·91 |
| Mupirocin | 2 (1·6) | 1 (1·3) | 0·83 | 0·07–9·32 | 0·88 |
| Total number of antibiotics received | |||||
| Monotherapy | 17 (13·6) | 17 (22·7) | 1·0 | ||
| Dual combination therapy | 37 (29·6) | 20 (26·7) | 1·61 | 0·73–3·52 | 0·24 |
| Triple or multiple combination therapy | 61 (48·8) | 38 (50·7) | 0·87 | 0·44–1·71 | 0·68 |
| No antibiotic therapy | 10 (8·0) | 0 (0·0) | — | — | — |
| Mortality | 6 (4·8) | 2 (2·7) | 0·54 | 0·11–2·76 | 0·46 |
OR, Odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ICU intensive care unit.
Data are no. (%) of patients, unless otherwise specified.
*
For example, psoriasis, eczema, pemphigus vulgaris, etc.
†
Preceding antibiotics used for the condition for which the patient was hospitalized.
P values <0·05 are highlighted in bold.