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. 2022 Jun 20;14:29. doi: 10.1038/s41368-022-00180-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The number of senescent cells and expression of IL-13 and IL-13α1 are significantly increased in the SMGs of IgG4-RS patients. a–e Immunofluorescence staining (a, d) and quantitative analysis of SA-β-gal (b), IL-13 (c), and IL-13Rα1 (e) in the SMGs of IgG4-RS patients (n = 6), controls (n = 6), and CS patients (n = 6). A acinus, D duct, M male, F female, y years old. Bars = 100 μm. f Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showing the expressions of IL-13 and IL-13Rα1 in the SMGs of IgG4-RS patients (n = 12) and controls (n = 12). g IL-13 level in the serum of IgG4-RS patients (n = 8) and controls (n = 8) was detected by cytokine antibody array. h Correlation between the immunofluorescence staining intensity of IL-13 and the activity of SA-β-gal in the SMGs of IgG4-RS patients (n = 6) were analyzed by Spearman test. The significance of differences between groups was analyzed by unpaired Student’s t-test (f, g) or one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test (b, c, e). Data are presented as the mean ± SD