Fig. 4.

IL-13 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction through promoting mtROS accumulation. a Left: the MMP of SMG-C6 cells treated with IL-13 (50 ng·mL⁻¹) for 2 and 4 days was measured via JC-1 staining (n = 5 per group). Up-right: quantitative analysis was measured by the ratios of red/green fluorescence. b The ATP level by treatment of IL-13 (50 ng·mL⁻¹) for 1, 2 and 4 days was measured using firefly luciferase luminescence in SMG-C6 cells (n = 6 per group). c The level of ATP in the SMGs of IgG4-RS patients (n = 7) and controls (n = 7). d MitoSOX was used to detect the mtROS level after treatment with IL-13 (50 ng·mL⁻¹) for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h in SMG-C6 cells (n = 6 per group). e The intracellular total ROS level (right) and quantitative analysis (left) in the SMGs of IgG4-RS patients (n = 6) and controls (n = 6) was detected by DCFH-DA staining. A acinus, D duct, M male, F female, y years old. The significance of differences between groups was analyzed by unpaired Student’s t-test (c, e) or one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test (a, b, d). Data are presented as the mean ± SD