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. 2022 Jun 6;16:914300. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.914300

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Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Zhang, Tao, Huang, Qu and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunostaining of typical nuclei innervating rostromedial tegmental area γ-aminobutyric acid-releasing (GABAergic) neurons with several markers of sleep-wake regulation. (A–G) Images showing that dsRed-labeled neurons colocalized with hypocretin (Hcrt) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) (A,B), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the basal forebrain (BF) and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) (C,D), parvalbumin (PV) in the substantia nigra, reticular part (SNr), (E) serotonin (Sero) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) (F), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the zona incerta, dorsal part (ZID) (G). The merged neurons are pointed by arrows. Rightmost column, quantification of dsRed-labeled cells that co-expressed with specific cell type biomarkers. n = 3, each data point represents one experimental mouse. Abbreviation: DAPI, 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.