InCPMV is a poor TLR7 stimulant, leading to low cytokine induction compared to CPMV. Splenocyte assays established previously19 were set up from C57BL6, MyD88−/−, TLR7−/−, TLR2−/−, TLR4−/−, TLR5−/−, and TLR9−/− mice (n = 3/strain). Supernatant was analyzed by (A,B) IL-6 ELISA and (C,D) IFN-β ELISA. Data for bar graphs were calculated using unpaired Student’s t-test with p < 0.05 as *, p < 0.01 as **, and p < 0.001 as ***.