Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and demographics between the two groups with long-standing persistent AF
| Group 1 (n = 40) | Group 2 (n = 80) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 57.5 ± 9.3 | 56.5 ± 8.9 | .590 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 6.5 | 25.9 ± 2.5 | .489 |
| Male | 34 (85.0) | 73 (91.3) | .355 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (12.5) | 7 (8.8) | .531 |
| CHF | 4 (10.0) | 10 (12.5) | .772 |
| Hypertension | 15 (37.5) | 38 (47.5) | .334 |
| CAD | 3 (7.5) | 7 (8.8) | 1 |
| Ischemic stroke | 3 (7.5) | 12 (15.0) | .380 |
| CHA₂DS₂-VASc score | 1.26 ± 1.2 | 1.06 ± 1.0 | .426 |
| AF duration (mo) | 39.7 ± 27 | 40.9 ± 26 | .758 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 107 ± 30 | 106 ± 18 | .898 |
| LA diameter (mm) | 47.2 ± 5.1 | 45.9 ± 4.3 | .221 |
| Procedural time (min) | 219 ± 70 | 150 ± 49 | <.001 |
| Patients with PV CARTOFINDER-identified activity | 29 (72.5) | — | — |
| Termination of AF during PV isolation | 1 (2.5) | 3 (3.8) | .719 |
| Patients with non-PV trigger or CARTOFINDER-identified activity | 38 (95.0) | 15 (18.8) | <.001 |
| Termination of AF during non-PV atrial ablation | 2 (5.0) | — | — |
| Acute reconnection of PV | 2 (5.0) | 4 (5.0) | 1 |
| Additional ablation area of CARTOFINDER-identified activity around RPV antrum (cm2) | 0.53 ± 0.8 | — | — |
| Additional ablation area of CARTOFINDER-identified activity around LPV antrum (cm2) | 0.79 ± 1.4 | — | — |
| Complications | 1 (2.5) | 2 (2.5) | 1 |
| Tamponade | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — |
| Pseudoaneurysm | 1 (2.5) | 2 (2.5) | — |
| Phrenic nerve injury | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — |
| Amiodarone, before ablation | 22 (55.0) | 46 (51.7) | — |
| Amiodarone, after ablation | 14 (35.0) | 36 (45.0) | — |
| No. of AADs during follow-up | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | .517 |
| Recurrence of AF | 12 (30.0) | 56 (70.0) | <.001 |
| Recurrence of atrial flutter | 6 (15.0) | 20 (25.0) | .247 |
| Recurrence of atrial tachycardia | 0 (0) | 2 (2.5) | .552 |
Values are given as mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
AAD = antiarrhythmic drug; AF = atrial fibrillation; BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; CHF = congestive heart failure; LA = left atrium; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; LPV = left pulmonary vein; PV = pulmonary vein; RPV = right pulmonary vein.