Comparison 1. Surgical versus non‐surgical management.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Adverse events	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
1.1 Death	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 Re‐operation or repeat procedure	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.3 Implant or traction loosening	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.4 Superficial or pin‐tract infection	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.5 Deep vein thrombosis	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.6 Urinary tract infection	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.7 Pneumonia	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.8 Pressure sore	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 Failure of union	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
2.1 Delayed union	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 Malunion	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]