Table 3.

Respondents’ and their households’ sociodemographic and catastrophic health expenditure for households with kidney health issues

Respondent’s/household’s sociodemographic characteristics	Catastrophic health expenditure			Pearson X2
	No	Yes	Total
Gender of respondent				0.118
Male	110 (56.4%)	96 (65.3%)	206 (60.2%)
Female	85 (43.6%)	51 (34.7%)	136 (39.8%)
Marital status
Single	56 (28.7%)	49 (33.3%)	105 (30.7%)	0.407
Married	139 (73.7%)	98 (66.7%)	237 (69.3%)
Age of respondent (years)
18–35	38 (19.5%)	21 (14.3%)	59 (17.3%)	0.296
36–49	67 (34.4%)	47 (32%)	114 (33.3%)
50 or above	90 (46.2%)	79 (53.7%)	169 (49.4%)
Level of education
Primary school	16 (8.2%)	22 (15%)	38 (11.1%)	0.00*
Lower secondary school to secondary school	140 (71.8%)	60 (40.8%)	200 (58.5%)
College/university degree	39 (20%)	65 (44.2%)	104 (30.4%)
Size of household
1–4 people (small)	100 (51.3%)	89 (60.5%)	189 (55.3%)	0.088
5 people or more (large)	95 (48.7%)	58 (39.5%)	153 (44.7%)
Level of income
Less than 1 million LAK (US$ 100)	11 (5.6%)	64 (43.5%)	75 (21.9%)	0.001*
1–2.5 million LAK (US$ 100–250)	26 (13.3%)	44 (29.9%)	70 (20.5%)
2.5–5 million LAK (US$ 250–500)	99 (50.8%)	31 (21.1%)	130 (38.0%)
More than 5 million LAK (US$ 500)	59 (30.3%)	8 (5.4%)	67 (19.6%)
Respondent’s occupation
Business owner	33 (16.9%)	7 (4.8%)	40 (11.7%)	0.001*
Farmer	37 (19.0%)	49 (33.3%)	86 (25.1%)
Street vendor	51 (26.2%)	38 (25.9%)	89 (26.0%)
Labourer	42 (21.5%)	40 (27.2%)	82 (24.0%)
Government official	32 (16.4%)	13 (8.8%)	45 (13.2%)
City of residence
Capital (Kaysone Phomvihane District)	132 (67.7%)	68 (46.3%)	200 (58.5%)	0.001*
Others	63 (32.3%)	79 (53.7%)	142 (41.5%)
Chronic condition
No	190 (97.4%)	84 (57.1%)	274 (80.1%)	0.001*
Yes	5 (2.6%)	63 (42.9%)	68 (19.9%)

*Statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval