Table 5.
Relationship between lagged food insecurity and health
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lagged household hunger | 0.057** | 0.036 | ||
| (0.025) | (0.027) | |||
| Lagged no food money in household | 0.060*** | 0.050** | ||
| (0.021) | (0.023) | |||
| Lagged hunger frequency past 7 days (base = no hunger) | ||||
| 1–2 days | 0.072* | |||
| (0.039) | ||||
| 3–4 days | 0.047 | |||
| (0.042) | ||||
| Almost every day | 0.025 | |||
| (0.046) | ||||
| Every day | 0.067 | |||
| (0.079) | ||||
| Male | -0.014 | -0.011 | -0.014 | -0.010 |
| (0.021) | (0.021) | (0.021) | (0.021) | |
| Not employed | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.024 | 0.024 |
| (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.022) | |
| Years of schooling | -0.006* | -0.006* | -0.006* | -0.006* |
| (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | |
| Lives in a house/flat (base = lives in a traditional/informal/other type house) | -0.036 | -0.028 | -0.040 | -0.027 |
| (0.026) | (0.027) | (0.027) | (0.027) | |
| Age (years) | 0.002*** | 0.002*** | 0.002** | 0.002*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| Race (base = African) | ||||
| Coloured | -0.148*** | -0.160*** | -0.146*** | -0.154*** |
| (0.037) | (0.038) | (0.037) | (0.037) | |
| Asian/Indian | -0.235*** | -0.254*** | -0.234*** | -0.244*** |
| (0.086) | (0.084) | (0.087) | (0.084) | |
| White | -0.220*** | -0.217*** | -0.217*** | -0.214*** |
| (0.034) | (0.035) | (0.034) | (0.035) | |
| Location (base = Traditional) | ||||
| Urban | -0.018 | -0.015 | -0.022 | -0.016 |
| (0.027) | (0.027) | (0.028) | (0.027) | |
| Farm | 0.096 | 0.091 | 0.093 | 0.098 |
| (0.074) | (0.070) | (0.074) | (0.072) | |
| Main income source lost/declined | 0.075*** | 0.068** | 0.078*** | 0.070** |
| (0.028) | (0.028) | (0.028) | (0.028) | |
| Household size | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
| Province (base = Western Cape) | ||||
| Eastern Cape | -0.043 | -0.041 | -0.040 | -0.042 |
| (0.038) | (0.039) | (0.038) | (0.038) | |
| Northern Cape | 0.062 | 0.069 | 0.062 | 0.067 |
| (0.046) | (0.047) | (0.046) | (0.046) | |
| Free State | -0.057 | -0.057 | -0.052 | -0.057 |
| (0.041) | (0.041) | (0.041) | (0.041) | |
| Kwazulu-Natal | 0.181*** | 0.184*** | 0.184*** | 0.179*** |
| (0.041) | (0.041) | (0.042) | (0.041) | |
| North-West | 0.222*** | 0.222*** | 0.219*** | 0.222*** |
| (0.055) | (0.056) | (0.055) | (0.056) | |
| Gauteng | 0.085** | 0.081** | 0.082** | 0.082** |
| (0.036) | (0.036) | (0.036) | (0.036) | |
| Mpumalanga | 0.079* | 0.076* | 0.070 | 0.077* |
| (0.044) | (0.044) | (0.044) | (0.044) | |
| Limpopo | -0.055 | -0.061 | -0.058 | -0.058 |
| (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.049) | |
| Constant | 0.220*** | 0.201** | 0.230*** | 0.190** |
| (0.078) | (0.079) | (0.077) | (0.079) | |
| Observations | 4,169 | 4,168 | 4,081 | 4,150 |
| R-squared | 0.114 | 0.117 | 0.113 | 0.117 |
All models are LPM; Outcome is SAH, i.e. fair/poor health (base = excellent/very good/good health); Estimates weighted; *, **, *** indicate statistical significance at 10%, 5% and 1% levels of significance respectively; Standard errors in parentheses