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. 2022 Jun 20;13:3519. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31200-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — A Representative images showing histopathological lesions in hamsters infected with VOCs Gamma, Delta, Omicron or 614 G strain. The left panel shows an overview of the left lung lobe and the right panel higher magnifications of lesions in the conductive airways (CA), vessels (V) and surrounding alveoli. Lungs of hamsters infected with VOCs Gamma or Delta or the 614 G strain showed the most extensive histopathological changes, which can be appreciated best on the overview pictures as consolidated, darker staining areas. Alveolar lesions were characterized by septal and luminal infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils/heterophils admixed with extravasated erythrocytes and fibrin, which obscured the alveolar architecture (arrows). Conductive airways frequently showed epithelial hyperplasia (black arrowheads). Vascular lesions mainly consisted of histiocytic-neutrophilic/heterophilic perivascular and intramural infiltrates (white arrowheads). Lungs of Omicron infected animals were only mildly affected in all lung compartments. Hematoxylin and eosin stain. Scale bars: 1 mm (overview) and 50 µm (high magnification). B Semi-quantitative analysis of pulmonary histopathology revealed significantly lower values in the overall lung score, lung conductive airway score, lung alveoli score, and lung vascular compartment score in VOC Omicron infected hamsters compared to the other investigated groups. Data are shown as box and whisker plots. The bounds of the box plot indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, the bar indicates medians, and the whiskers indicate minima and maxima. Data were tested by two-tailed Mann–Whitney-U tests followed by Benjamini–Hochberg correction. A p-value of ≤0.05 was chosen as the cut-off for statistical significance. N = 5 animals/group for VOCs Gamma and Delta and six animals/group for VOC Omicron and 614 G. For quantifications, one entire cross and one entire longitudinal section of the left lung lobe were evaluated. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.