TABLE 2.
Summary of diet effects
| Study diets | ||
|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Med‐diet | West‐diet |
| Plasma metabolites | ||
| Total cholesterol | ↓ NC/MCI | ↑ NC/MCI |
| LDL | ↓ NC/MCI | ↑ NC/MCI |
| HDL | ↓ NC/MCI | ↑ NC/MCI |
| Glucose | No changes | ↑ NC; ↓ MCI |
| Insulin | ↑NC/↓MCI | ↓ MCI |
| HbA1c | No changes | ↑ NC; ↓ MCI |
| CSF biomarkers | ||
| Aβ40 | ↓ NC | ↑ NC |
| Aβ42 | No changes | No changes |
| Aβ42/40 | ↑ NC | ↓ NC |
| T‐tau | ↑ MCI | ↓ MCI |
| T‐tau/Aβ42 | ↓ MCI | ↑ MCI |
| P‐tau181 | No changes | No changes |
| Cerebral perfusion | ||
| Whole brain CBF | ↑ NC | ↓ NC |
| Cognition | ||
| Cognitive compositea | ↑ NC; ↓ MCI | No changes |
aOnly trend‐level effects were noted for the cognitive composite (P < .08).
Notes: Summary of plasma metabolites, CSF biomarkers, cerebral perfusion and the cognitive composite changes after the 4‐week diet intervention.
Abbreviations: Aβ, beta‐amyloid; CBF, cerebral blood flow; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; Med‐diet, Mediterranean diet; NC, normal cognition; West‐diet, Western diet.