Table 4.

Model summaries of separate multiple linear regression models and coefficients evaluating 2 different methods of defining protein intake distribution when controlling for age, BMI, MVPA, relative energy intake, and percent of energy from protein.

Outcome	Protein intake variable*	Model			Coefficient
		R	R 2 adj.	P	B ± SE	P
Lean mass (kg)	⩾25 g/period	.710	.489	<.001	1.067 ± 0.273	<.001
	0.24/0.4 g/kg/period†	.700	.474	<.001	0.754 ± 0.244	.002
Percent body fat (%)	⩾25 g/period	.835	.687	<.001	−0.715 ± 0.563	.205
	0.24/0.4 g/kg/period	.833	.684	<.001	−0.033 ± 0.497	.948
Maximal handgrip strength (kg)	⩾25 g/period	.517	.243	<.001	3.274 ± 0.737	<.001
	0.24/0.4 g/kg/period	.495	.221	<.001	2.451 ± 0.658	<.001
Thirty second chair stand test (repetitions)	⩾25 g/period	.306	.064	.006	0.348 ± 0.588	.555
	0.24/0.4 g/kg/period	.303	.062	.006	0.07 ± 0.519	.893
Mean 6 m gait speed (s)	⩾25 g/period	.359	.100	<.001	0.007 ± 0.073	.927
	0.24/0.4 g/kg/period	.380	.117	<.001	−0.119 ± 0.064	.063
Summed lower-body peak torque (Nm)	⩾25 g/period	.583	.319	<.001	22.858 ± 7.918	.004
	0.24/0.4 g/kg/period	.561	.293	<.001	8.019 ± 7.099	.260
Summed lower-body muscular endurance (J)	⩾25 g/period	.544	.273	<.001	170.522 ± 88.159	.055
	0.24/0.4 g/kg/period	.551	.303	<.001	184.852 ± 77.185	.018

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; SE, standard error.

^*Mean protein intakes during 3 periods from 3-day food diaries, waking to 11:30 (breakfast), afternoon (lunch) 11:31 to 16:30, and evening after 16:30 (dinner), equal to or greater than the listed cut-offs were coded as “1s” and were then summed to create ordinal levels with 4 levels, meeting the cut-off at 0, 1, 2, or 3 periods.

^†For those 60 and under 0.24 g/kg/period; for those 60 and over 0.4 g/kg/period.