TABLE 3.
The methodological quality of included studies.
| Study | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bhutada et al. (2011) | − | ? | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 3 |
| Ma et al. (2012a) | − | ? | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 3 |
| Ma et al. (2012b) | − | ? | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 3 |
| Kalalian-Moghaddam et al. (2013) | − | + | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 4 |
| Moghaddam et al. (2013) | − | + | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 4 |
| Moghaddam et al. (2014) | − | + | − | ? | − | − | − | − | + | + | 3 |
| Zhou et al. (2016) | − | ? | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 3 |
| Chen et al. (2017) | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | 5 |
| Wang et al. (2018) | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | 5 |
| Li et al. (2018) | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | 5 |
| Wang et al. (2019) | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | 4 |
| Tong et al. (2019) | − | ? | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | 4 |
| Xuan (2021) | + | − | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 4 |
| Liu (2021) | + | − | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | 4 |
| Adefegha et al. (2021) | − | ? | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | 4 |
| Zhang et al. (2021) | − | ? | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | 4 |
| Wu et al. (2021) | − | ? | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 3 |
| Cao et al. (2021) | − | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | 5 |
| Tian et al., 2021 | − | + | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 4 |
| Ma and Liu (2021) | − | ? | − | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + | 3 |
A, sequence generation; B, baseline characteristics; C, allocation concealment; D, random housing; E, blinding (caregivers/investigators); F, random for outcome assessment; G, blinding (outcome assessor); H, incomplete outcome data; I, selective outcome reporting; J, other biases. +, low-risk of bias; −, high-risk of bias; ?, unclear-risk of bias.