GSK3 inhibitor-induced HSC expansion is attenuated when unpurified BM cells were used in culture. (A, B) LSK HSPCs (A) or BM MNCs (B) were cultured for 6 h in stem cell medium with indicated concentrations of CHIR. LSK-CD150+ HSCs were purified by FACS. β-catenin activity was examined by qRT-PCR for target gene expression. (C–F) LSK HSPCs (1,000 cells per group) (C, D) or BM MNCs (500,000 cells per group) (E, F) were cultured for 9 days in stem cell medium with indicated concentrations of CHIR with medium change every other day. The percentages and numbers of LSK HSPCs and LSK-CD150+48− HSCs were examined by FACS (C); HSPCs were examined by CFU assay (E). Functional HSCs were evaluated by CHR assay (D, F). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. MNCs, mononuclear cells; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Color images are available online.