Conceptual framework for HIV-related stigma, engagement in care, and health outcomes. Note. Reprinted with permission. Turan, B., Hatcher, A. M., Weiser, S. D., Johnson, M. O., Rice, W. S., & Turan, J. M. (2017). Framing mechanisms linking HIV-related stigma, adherence to treatment, and health outcomes. American Journal of Public Health, 107(6), 863–869. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303744 The Sheridan Press.