Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2021 May-Jun;32(3):392–407. doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000237

Table 4.

Overview of Instruments to Measure Internalized HIV-Related Stigma Among People Living With HIV

Author/Year Stigma Domains Instrument Properties
Kalichman et al., 2009 Internalized 12 items, dichotomous
Languages: Afrikaans, English, Swati, Xhosa
Sayles et al., 2008 Internalized 28 items, 5-point Likert
Languages: English, Kinyarwanda, Swahili
Subscales: Stereotypes (12 items); disclosure concerns (5 items); social relationships (6 items); self-acceptance (4 items)
Visser et al., 2008 Internalized 6 items, dichotomous
Languages: IsiZulu, English, Sepedi, Setswana
Van Rie et al., 2008 Internalized 21 items, 4-point Likert
Languages: English, Malayu, Thai
Subscales: Community perspective toward HIV/AIDS (11 items); patient perspective toward HIV/AIDS (10 items)