Table 5.
Overview of Instruments to Measure Stigma Among Nurses and Health Care Workers
| Author/Year | Stigma Domains | Instrument Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Nyblade et al., 2013 | Drivers Enacted Stigma toward pregnant WLWH |
18 core questions |
| Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, Spanish, Swahili | ||
| Domains | ||
| Drivers: health facilities policies and work environment (7 items); fear (1 item); attitudes toward PLWH (1 item); shame (1 item); willingness to treat key populations (1 item) | ||
| Enacted: observed (1 item); extra infection precautions (1 item); secondary stigma (1 item) | ||
| Stigma toward pregnant women living with HIV among facility staff who care for pregnant women: fear (1 item); opinions (1 item); observed (1 item) | ||
| Supplemental scale: attitudes toward PLWH (5 items) | ||
| Preston et al., 1995 | Name of tool | |
| 21 items | ||
| Domains | ||
| Attitudes about people with HIV subscale (1 item) | ||
| Attitudes about nursing care concerns (12 items) | ||
| Attitudes about social–professional concerns (8 items) | ||
| Rutledge et al., 2011 | Awareness Acceptance Action |
Name of tool: The HIV/AIDS Provider Stigma Inventory |
| 81 items, 7-point Likert | ||
| Domains | ||
| Awareness: Global (42 items) | ||
| Label (12 items) | ||
| Associate (4 items), transmit (4 items), censure (4 items) | ||
| Stereotype (19 items) | ||
| Gay (4 items), injection drug use (8 items), many sex partners (7 items) | ||
| Outgroup (5 items) | ||
| Discriminate (6 items) | ||
| Transmit (3 items), censure (3 items) | ||
| Acceptance: global (20 items) | ||
| Label (4 items) | ||
| Stereotype (6 items) | ||
| Outgroup (4 items) | ||
| Discriminate (6 items) | ||
| Action: global (19 items) | ||
| Uys et al., 2009 | Nurses stigmatizing patients Nurses being stigmatized | Name of Tool: HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument—Nurse (HASI-N) |
| 19 items | ||
| Domains | ||
| Nurses stigmatizing patients (10 items) | ||
| Nurses being stigmatized (9 items) | ||
| Wagner et al., 2014 | Name of Tool: Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) | |
| 30 items | ||
| Domains | ||
| Prejudice subscale (13 items) | ||
| Stereotypes subscale (11 items) | ||
| Discrimination subscale (6 items) |
Resources: Stevelink et al., 2012; Earnshaw & Chaudoir, 2009.
Note. PLWH = people living with HIV; WLWH – women living with HIV.