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. 2022 Mar 10;13(3):7049–7064. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2044278

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — The protective role of mast cells. Mast cells regulate their own activation and production of proteases capable of inactivating pro-inflammatory cytokines and keep airway inflammation under control. They are also involved in repairing the airway epithelial barrier by releasing growth factors and promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization. Key: CCL11, C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11; GM-CSF, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor; HB-EGF, Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor; IL-13, Interleukin-13; IL-21, Interleukin-21; IL-33, Interleukin-33; IL-6, Interleukin-6; MCP3, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 3; MIP-3b, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3 beta; PACAP, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; PGD2, Prostaglandin D2; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; SCF, Stem Cell Factor.