Table 7.
Comparison of naproxen removal efficiency in the presence of synthesized photocatalyst under optimum process conditions.
| Type of photocatalyst | Surface areas (m2 g−1) | NPX concentration (mg/L) | Irradiation time (min) | Catalyst concentration (g/L) | pH | Degradation efficiency (%) | Average pore volume (cm3 g−1) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZrO2/TiO2/Fe3O4 | 280 | 10 | 90 | 0.5 | 3 | 100 | 0.92 | Present work |
| TiO2 | 55 | 0.184 | 120 | 0.1 | 6.15 | 40 | – | 120 |
| MoS2–CeO2–ZrO2 | 39.45 | 11.51 | 40 | 0.5 | 5.8 | 21 | – | 121 |
| P25–TiO2/TEOS | – | 5 | 600 | 0.003 | 6 | 94 | – | 122 |
| HTNM | 53.67 | 0.5 | 180 | 1.5 | 7 | 99.9 | 0.32 | 39 |
| ZnO | – | 40 | 120 | 0.5 | 7 | 98.7 | – | 123 |
| Fe3O4/MWCNTs | 144 | 10 | – | 0.4 | 7 | 83 | 0.24 | 124 |
| N-doped TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 | 232.41 | 9.33 | 217.08 | 0.06 | 4.29 | 96.32 | – | 125 |