TABLE 4.

Multivariable predictors of admission/prolonged ED LOS among agitated patients

Predictors	aOR a	95% CI
Predictors of admission/transfer
Restraint use	2.6	2.0–3.5
BARS score (5–7)	2.3	1.7–3.1
Psychosis	5.8	1.3–40.6
Substance use	1.9	1.2–3.0
ADHD	1.7	1.2–2.5
Overdose/poisoning	7.0	4.0–12.8
ODD	2.7	1.3–6.1
Predictors of prolonged ED LOS
Restraint use	1.8	1.3–2.4
Substance use	2.1	1.2–3.8

Note: BARS scores: 5 = mild agitation, 6 = moderate agitation, and 7 = severe agitation.

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; BARS, Behavioral Activity Rating Scale; CI, confidence interval; ED, emergency department; LOS, length of stay; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder.

^a Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, ED LOS.

^b Adjusted for age, sex, and ED LOS.