Figure 5. Inhibition of Lolium rigidum germination and growth by (Z)-2-(5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid (MBDTA-2).

(A) Day growth of L. rigidum treated with three pre-emergence treatments of vehicle control (2% (vol/vol) DMSO, 0.01% Agral), or 1200 mg l⁻¹ of MBDTA-2, or 1200 mg l⁻¹ of chlorsulfuron. Treatments were given by pipetting 2.0 ml per pot directly onto seeds. (B) Fresh weight of L. rigidum shoots and roots following treatment of plants with vehicle control (dots) or MBDTA-2 (lines). Shoots, p = 0.00002, roots, p = 0.05233, unpaired Student’s two-tailed t-test. (C) Dry weight of L. rigidum shoots and roots following treatment of plants with vehicle control (dots) or MBDTA-2 (lines). Shoots, p = 0.00088, roots, p = 0.00374, unpaired Student’s two-tailed t-test. Data were normalised against the vehicle control. Data represent mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (N = 3). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.