Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.

Author	Year	Study design	Patient population	Patients ( n )	Mortality ( n )	Survivor ( n )	Mean age (years)	NOS score
Alam and Gupta 26	2020	Prospective single-center cohort	Shock	116	58	58	2.5	6
Bai et al 27	2014	Prospective single-center cohort	PICU	1109	115	994	1	7
Cheung et al 23	2005	Prospective multicenter cohort	Cardiac surgery	85	14	71		7
Durward et al 28	2005	Prospective single-center cohort	Cardiac surgery	85	5	80	0.4	7
El-Mekkawy et al 29	2020	Prospective single-center cohort	PICU	78	13	65	1.5	8
Gupta et al 30	2020	Prospective single-center cohort	PICU	78	16	62	2.8	7
Haidar et al 31	2020	Retrospective single-center cohort	Acetaminophen-induced liver failure	95	49	46	1.1	6
Hatherill et al 32	2003	Prospective single-center cohort	Shock	46	16	30	0.5	7
Kapoor et al 33	2016	Prospective single-center cohort	Cardiac surgery	150	11	139		8
Lee et al 34	2020	Retrospective single-center cohort	Shock	26	14	12	12	7
Ma et al 35	2019	Prospective multicenter cohort	Pneumonia	155	22	133	11	7
Rocha et al 36	2010	Retrospective single-center cohort	Cardiac surgery	76	24	52	0.03	8

Abbreviations: NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit.