Table 5.

Summary of BoNT-A NAb Formation and Secondary Nonresponse Reported in Aesthetic Cases

No.	Publication	Age	Sex	Condition	Treatments	Intervention	Results	Duration of Treatment before NAb Detection
1	Borodic32	48	F	Facial lines	1–14	ONA	Cycles 1–14: response lasted for 3–4 mo	Unclear when NAb test was done. Duration (first to last treatment): 72 mo
					>14	ONA
							Cycle >14: no response
2	Borodic33	44	F	Facial lines	1–14	ONA 30–50 U	Cycle 15: no response, no effect on forced frown	Unclear when NAb test was done. Duration (first to last treatment): 60+ mo
					15	ONA 100 U
3	Dressler et al19	53	F	Facial lines	1–10	ABO 10–180 MU	Cycles 1–5: normal response	NAb detected (7.0 mU/mL) at cycle 10
							Cycles 6–9: PSNR
							Cycle 10: CSNR
4	Dressler, 201019	46	F	Facial lines	1–3	ONA 80 MU	Cycle 1: normal response	NAb detected (2.7 mU/ml) at cycle 6
					4
					5–6	BoNT–B	Cycle 2: PSNR
					7–9
						ONA 40–136 MU	Cycle 3: CSNR
							Cycles 5–6: CSNR
						BoNT–B
5	Dressler et al19	51	F	Facial lines	1–9	ABO 30 MU	Cycles 1–11: normal response	NAb detected (1.0 mU/mL) at cycle 12, and (>10.0 mU/mL) at cycle 13
					10–13	ONA 30 MU	Cycle 12: PSNR
							Cycle 13: CSNR
6	Dressler et al19	45	F	Facial lines	1–6	ABO 25–105 MU	Cycle 3: PSNR	NAb detected (>10.0 mU/ml) at cycle 7
					7	INCO 33 MU	Cycle 5: CSNR
7	Lee17	20	F	Masseteric hypertrophy	1–6	ONA 180 U	Cycles 1–3: response lasted for 4–5 mo	>18 mo
					7	ABO 180 U
							Cycles 4–5: response lasted for 1.5 mo
							Cycles 6–7: no response
8	Stengel and Bee18	41	F	Glabellar lines	1–5	ABO	Cycles 1–2: response lasted for 4–8 mo	72 mo
					6–8	ONA 9–28 U
					9–11	INCO 20–44 U	Cycles 3–11: response lasted for 3–4 wk
9	Stephan et al40	51	F	Facial lines	1–3	ONA, ABO	Cycles 1–3: partial response (<2 mo), required high-dose booster injections	NAb testing was not available
					NR	ONA 75 U
					NR
						INCO
							Cycle >3: partial response with even shorter duration of efficacy
10	Torres et al41	55	F	Facial rejuvenation	1	ONA 33 U	Cycle 1: no response	2 mo
					2	ABO 80 SU	Cycle 2: mild response lasting 3 mo
11	Torres et al41	54	F	Facial rejuvenation	1–8	ABO 25–180 U	Cycles 1–7: normal response	Unclear when NAb test was done.
					9
					10	ONA 70 U
							Cycle 8: loss of efficacy
					11	ABO 120 U
						INCO 69 U	Cycle 9: little treatment effect
							Cycle 10: no effect after 4 wk
							Cycle 11: no effect after 2 wk
12	Torres et al41	43	F	Facial rejuvenation	1–6	ABO 100–260 U	Initial response lasted for 6–8 mo, decreased to 3 mo at later treatments	Unclear when NAb test was done. Duration (first to last treatment): 96 mo
13	Torres et al41	38	M	Facial rejuvenation	1–3	ABO 120–250 U	Cycle 3: CSNR	Unclear when NAb test was done. Duration (first to last treatment): 36 mo

CSNR, complete secondary nonresponse; F, female; M, male; MU, mouse unit; NR, not reported; PSNR, partial secondary nonresponse; SU, speywood unit; U, unit.