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. 2022 Jun 20;8:77. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00343-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Sample MC LFP recordings during rest and movement from a control rat (left) and a parkinsonian rat (6-OHDA, right). Scale bar represents 500 ms/100μV. b Average PSD spectra in MC during 10-s continuous rest or movement show a marked increase of α power and decrease of δ power from rest to movement in both control and parkinsonian rats (n = 52 and 50 matched segments of rest and movement from 10 control and 11 parkinsonian rats, respectively). c Band power analysis from part b. d, e Power spectrograms (top) and the temporal changes of MC α and δ band powers (middle, upper) as well as concomitant moving velocities (middle, lower) from a sample 5-min recording in OFT in control (d) and in parkinsonian rats (e). Cross-covariance analysis between time-varying band power and moving velocity reveals an evident peak of correlation coefficient at zero time lag in α band (bottom, left), but a valley in δ band (bottom, right) in control and parkinsonian rats. Each series of data contain one data point per second (300 data points in total). f Cross-covariance analysis from all 5-min recordings shows that most of control and parkinsonian rats have a strong correlation coefficient (>0.5) between MC α power and moving velocity at zero time lags. Correlation coefficient >0.5: control = 21/29 (72%), parkinsonian = 14/20 (70%); median of correlation coefficient, control: 0.63, parkinsonian: 0.64. g Similar analysis to that in (f) shows no positive but negative correlation between δ power and moving velocity. Correlation coefficient < −0.5: control = 19/29 (66%), parkinsonian = 11/20 (55%); median of correlation coefficient, control: −0.53, parkinsonian: −0.53). PSD spectra were presented as mean (solid curves) ± standard deviation (shaded areas). Data in bar plot were presented as mean ± S.E.M. Data in (c) were analyzed with 2 × 2 mixed model ANOVA and simple main effect tests for pairwise comparison. Each horizontal line reports the simple main effect, and the square bracket reports the main effect of control vs. 6-OHDA in ANOVA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, N.S., nonsignificant.