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. 2022 Jun 20;8:77. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00343-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a β band power analysis from the 10-s segments in Figs. 2, 3 (n = 52 and 50 matched segments of rest and movement from 10 control and 11 parkinsonian rats, respectively). b–d Power spectrograms (tops) and the temporal changes of MC β band powers (bottoms) from sample recordings demonstrate the typical presentation of parkinsonian rats with MC β augmentation or not (b, left and right, respectively). Among the 20 continuous 5-min recordings from 11 parkinsonian rats, a peak in β range frequency was noted in 9 recordings (45%) but not in the other 11 recordings (55%). Each recording was further divided into two 10-s segments, with highest (dark gray bar) or lowest (light gray bar) β band power, as the high β group (“High beta”) and low β group (“Low beta”), respectively, for multi-unit analysis. The 3D-bar plot reveals average spike rates from 7 leads grouping according to the level of β power in each recordings of parkinsonian rats, and shows that higher β power is associated with a higher spike rate in both within-subject comparison and between-subject comparison (c). There is a significant higher MC MU spike rate in “High beta” group than in “Low beta" group (n = 17 from 8 parkinsonian rats) (d, left). There is also a higher spike rate in recordings with extreme β augmentation (average β power > 20%) than in recordings with scarcity of β (average β power < 10%), n = 4 from 2 rats in both groups (each group had n = 8 segments from “High beta” and “Low beta” groups) (d, right). Data were presented as mean ± S.E.M. Data in (a) were analyzed with 2 × 2 mixed model ANOVA and simple main effect tests for pairwise comparison. Each horizontal line reports the simple main effect, and each square bracket reports the main effect of control vs. 6-OHDA in ANOVA. The data in the right and left panels in (d) were analyzed with Mann–Whitney U tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, respectively. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, N.S., nonsignificant.