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. 2022 Jun 20;8:77. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00343-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a Prokinetic effects of STN-DBS (depolarizing DC currents of −250 to −300μA) were examined in different parameters (n = 11 rats). b Sample maps of 30-s trajectories in OFT (boxes) and corresponding LFP recordings in MC and STN in a sample parkinsonian rat with baseline free running (including rest and movement), and type 1 and type 2 movements during DBS (Supplementary Movie 1 to 3). c Behavioral parameters in matched 30-s video recordings with type 1 and type 2 movements from the same OFT trial in parkinsonian rats. The “baseline” shows the data from sham stimulation in (a). n = 5 matched recordings from 3 rats. d Band power analysis according to the behavioral state during STN-DBS. n = 101, 76, and 14 10-s segments from 9 animals for rest, type 1 movement, and type 2 movement, respectively. e Sample sweeps of MU activities in MC from a parkinsonian rat during movement without (baseline) or with STN-DBS. f, g MC MU spike rates (f, n = 147 matches, i.e. 21 segments × 7 leads, from 7 animals) and STN bursts during STN-DBS (g, n = 5 matched segments from 4 leads from 2 animals). h, i Average PSD of S(t) (h) and the total power of S(t) (i) in MC (n = 37 at rest and n = 24 during movement in baseline, and n = 26 at rest and n = 34 during movement under STN-DBS, from 7 parkinsonian rats). PSD spectra were presented as mean (solid curves) ± standard deviation (shaded areas). Scale bars represent 1 s/500μV. Data in the bar plot were presented as mean ± S.E.M. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA (a), Mann–Whitney U tests (c), one-way ANOVA following Games–Howell post hoc tests (d), 2 × 2 dependent model ANOVA (f, g), and 2 × 2 independent model ANOVA (i). In (f) and (g), each horizontal line reports the simple main effect, and each square bracket reports the main effect of baseline vs. DBS in ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, N.S., nonsignificant.