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. 2022 Jun 20;12:10372. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14632-w

Table 2.

The average value and trend over time of a few selected exposures, stratified by good or poor perceived health status at round 6.

Exposure Total population (n = 3419) Good perceived health (n = 2876) Poor perceived health (n = 543) p-value
Mean/% SD/n Mean/% SD/n Mean/% SD/n
Demographic exposures
Working hours (in hours per week), AUE 20.9 15.9 22.1 15.6 14.9 16.3  < 0.001
Working hours (in hours per week), TOE − 1.2 7.5 − 1.1 7.6 − 1.8 7.0 0.040
Marital status (% of the time married), AUE 81 32 82 31 76 37  < 0.001
Marital status (% from married to widowed or divorced), TOE 17 569 16 456 21 113 0.005
Lifestyle exposures
Smoking (in pack years), AUE 9 12 8 11 12 14  < 0.001
Smoking (in pack years), TOE 0.8 2.2 0.8 2.1 1.1 2.9 0.005
Alcohol use (% of the time every now and then or yes), AUE 89 26 90 24 84 31  < 0.001
Alcohol use (% from never user to current user), TOE 9 297 9 251 8 46 0.914
Environmental exposures
NO2 concentration (in ug/m3), AUE 27.7 1.9 27.7 1.9 27.7 1.9 0.922
NO2 concentration (in ug/m3), TOE − 1.6 0.6 − 1.6 0.6 − 1.6 0.7 0.662
Damp stains in the house (% of the time yes), AUE 22 34 22 34 26 36 0.014
Damp stains in the house (% from no to yes), TOE 10 295 10 246 11 49 0.553
Biological exposures
Body mass index (in kg/m2), AUE 25.6 3.5 25.4 3.3 26.9 4.2  < 0.001
Body mass index (in kg/m2), TOE 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9  < 0.001
Use of high blood pressure medication (% of the time yes), AUE 10 21 9 20 15 25  < 0.001
Use of high blood pressure medication (% from no to yes), TOE 18 609 16 462 27 147  < 0.001

The AUE and TOE indicate the average value of the exposure over time and the average trend in the exposure over time for continuous exposures, respectively. For the categorical exposures, the proportion of the time that participants were in a particular category (AUE) and the proportion of participants for whom a change from one reference category to another category occurred during the rounds (TOE) is presented.

AUE Area-Under-the-Exposure, TOE trend-of-the-exposure.

P-values were tested using the independent samples t test and chi-square test.