Table 2.
Study outcomes
| Total (n = 470) | Food or Lactose Intolerance | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 273) | Yes (n = 197) | |||
| Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | 56 (11.9%) | 11 (4.0%) | 45 (22.8%) | <0.001 |
| HADS anxiety score, median (IQR) | 7.0 (2.0 – 11.0) | 4.0 (1.0 – 9.0) | 9.0 (5.0 – 12.0) | <0.001 |
| HADS anxiety | <0.001 | |||
| Normal (0–7) | 256 (54.5%) | 179 (65.6%) | 77 (39.1%) | |
| Borderline abnormal (8–10) | 85 (18.1%) | 41 (15.0%) | 44 (22.3%) | |
| Abnormal (11–21) | 129 (27.4%) | 53 (19.4%) | 76 (38.6%) | |
| HADS depression score, median (IQR) | 5.0 (1.0 – 9.0) | 3.0 (1.0 – 8.0) | 7.0 (3.0 – 10.0) | <0.001 |
| HADS depression | <0.001 | |||
| Normal (0–7) | 306 (65.1%) | 197 (72.2%) | 109 (55.3%) | |
| Borderline abnormal (8–10) | 98 (20.9%) | 45 (16.5%) | 53 (26.9%) | |
| Abnormal (11–21) | 66 (14.0%) | 31 (11.4%) | 35 (17.8%) | |
| SF-12, mean (sd) | ||||
| Physical component score | 48.6 (8.6) | 50.8 (7.9) | 45.6 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Mental component score | 46.5 (11.4) | 48.3 (11.8) | 43.9 (10.4) | <0.001 |
HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SF-12, Short Form 12. Median and interquartile range (IQR) are reported for continuous variables with a skewed distribution and mean and standard deviation (SD) are reported for normally distributed continuous variables. P-values are calculated based on the Wilcoxon rank sum test or two-sample t-test for continuous variables. For categorical variables, we used the Pearson’s chi-square test.