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. 2021 Oct 4;108(13):1020–1029. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320036

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Judgements on the four PROBAST risk of bias domains and three PROBAST applicability domains presented as percentages across all included studies. PROBAST, Prediction model Risk of Bias ASsessment Tool; ROB, risk of bias.