Table 1.
Exosomal protein derived from prostate cancer cell line.
| protein | Prostate cancer source | Role in tumors | references |
|---|---|---|---|
| PDCD6IP, FASN, XPO1, ENO1 | PNT2C2, RWPE-1, PC346C, and VCaP | Inhibition of apoptosis Involved in lipid metabolism and oncogenic signaling pathways | (6, 12–15) |
| ITGA3, ITGB1 | LNCaP and PC3 | Activate oncogenic signaling pathway. | (2, 16, 17) |
| p-glycoprotein | docetaxel-resistant PC3、PC3 | Chemotherapy resistance | (2, 18) |
| Ets-1 | PC3 and DU145 | Enhance osteoblast differentiation | (2, 19) |
| Integrin beta4, vinculin | taxane-resistant PC3 | Interacts with proteins to promote tumor metastasis | (20, 21) |
| ANXA2, CLSTN1, FLNC, FOLH1, GDF15 | PC3, DU145, VCaP, LNCaP, C4-2, and RWPE-1 | Involved in fat metabolism, cell proliferation, migration and drug resistance, remodeling of cytoskeleton, Angiogenesis, oncogenic signaling pathways | (22–26) |
| CD9, CD82 | LNCaP and PC3 | Inhibit the movement of tumor cells, chemoresistance | (27, 28) |
| CML28 | DU145, LNCaP | Activate immunity | (28, 29) |
| Integrin alphavbeta6 | PC3, DU145, C4-2B, RWPE-1 | Activating MMP2 promotes the autonomous osteolysis process of cells | (30) |
| Trop-2 | PC3 | Activate the metastasis signaling pathway FAK | (31) |
| CD61, CD81, HSP90, HSP70, Annexin II | PC3, LNCaP | cellular activation、cell motility、tumor cell metastasis、Metabolic reprogramming, mediating immune microenvironment, tumor resistance | (32–38) |
| TGF-beta | PC stem cells | Proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, epithelial -mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration | (38, 39) |
| Rab1a, Rab1b, Rab11a | C4-2B | Tumor reprogramming of patient-derived adipose stem cells promotes tumor proliferation | (40) |
| CD276 | DU145, 22Rv1, and LNCaP | Acts as a T cell inhibitor to promote tumor proliferation and invasion | (41) |
| δ-catenin | PC3 | Interacts with E-cadherin to inhibit tumor migration | (42, 43) |
| LDHA | VCaP, LNCaP, C4-2B | Cell metabolism | (22, 44) |
| CLU, FN1, KRT8, LAMA5, NPM1, PRDX1, TFRC | DU145, PC3 cells | Regulate cell death and intercellular signaling | (22) |
| PKM2 | LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 | Promote the expression of CXCL12 in stromal cells | (45) |
| Claudin 3 | DU145 | Increase cell motility and survival by activating MMP -2/Suppression of EMT | (46, 47) |
| MDR-1、MDR-3、Endophilin-A2 、PABP4、PACSIN2 | U145 Tax-Res | Chemotherapy resistance | (48) |
| Caveolin-1 | PC3 | suppresses tumor formation through the inhibition of the unfolded protein response | (49) |
| CD147 、CD44 | U145 Tax-Res | Activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways mediate tumor me -tastasis and chemotherapy resistance | (50, 51) |
| ACTN4 | DU145 | Promote the movement and proliferation of tumor cells | (52, 53) |