Fig. 2. Placing an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane patch at the fourth intercostal space to prevent subsequent lung herniation. A braided silk suture was tied on each of the four corners of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane patch. These sutures were passed through the 3rd and 5th intercostal muscles from inside to outside the pleural cavity and were then tied loosely to avoid intercostal nerve entrapment.
