. 2022 Jun 21;21:195. doi: 10.1186/s12936-022-04216-4

Table 3.

IPTp and ANC coverage at baseline and endline, by study arm

	Baseline	Endline	Difference-in-differences	Crude models	Adjusted models
Number of IPTp doses (mean, 95% CI)	2.3 (2.1, 2.4)	2.2 (1.9, 2.5)	2.7 (2.3, 3.1)	2.7 (2.5, 3.0)	0.2 (-0.3, 0.6)	0.51	0.39
IPTp1+ (%, 95% CI)	92.9 (89.0, 96.8)	83.0 (77.6, 88.4)	89.8 (85.8, 93.7)	93.3 (91.1, 95.6)	13.5 (4.7, 22.3)	< 0.01	0.01
IPTp2+ (%, 95% CI)	70.0 (64.1, 76.0)	71.3 (61.9, 80.8)	82.2 (76.9, 87.4)	81.0 (72.2, 89.8)	-2.5 (-16.3, 11.4)	0.73	0.86
IPTp3+ (%, 95% CI)	45.6 (38.5, 52.8)	45.1 (34.6, 55.5)	59.8 (47.0, 72.5)	66.0 (55.8, 76.3)	6.9 (-5.9, 19.6)	0.29	0.19
IPTp4+ (%, 95% CI)	16.2 (11.2, 21.1)	15.4 (7.4, 23.3)	25.8 (13.6, 38.0)	24.5 (18.8, 30.1)	-0.5 (-18.1, 17.0)	0.95	0.96
IPTp5+ (%, 95% CI)	3.1 (-0.5, 6.7)	2.8 (0.3, 5.3)	8.7 (2.9, 14.5)	6.3 (3.1, 9.4)	-2.1 (-12.1, 7.8)	0.68	0.83
Number of ANC visits (mean, 95% CI)	3.8 (3.5, 4.2)	3.4 (3.3, 3.6)	3.5 (3.1, 3.9)	3.6 (3.4, 3.9)	0.5 (-0.2, 1.3)	0.15	0.14
ANC2+ (%, 95% CI)	97.4 (93.9, 100.9)	98.4 (96.8, 100.1)	94.6 (91.2, 98.1)	95.3 (91.3, 99.4)	-0.3 (-8.4, 7.8)	0.94	0.84
ANC3+ (%, 95% CI)	92.0 (83.3, 100.8)	80.5 (75.3, 85.6)	79.9 (71.3, 88.6)	86.0 (81.3, 90.7)	17.7 (0.9, 34.4)	0.04	0.07
ANC4+ (%, 95% CI)	63.4 (51.8, 75.0)	46.9 (37.7, 56.1)	48.1 (36.2, 59.9)	56.8 (50.9, 62.6)	25.3 (1.3, 49.3)	0.04	0.04
Gestation week for ANC1 visit (mean, 95% CI)	18.6 (16.9, 20.4)	21.2 (20.2, 22.2)	20.3 (18.7, 22.0)	20.4 (19.6, 21.1)	-2.5 (-3.7, -1.4)	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

Baseline

Endline

Difference-in-differences

Crude models

Adjusted models

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

p-value for DiD ^a

p-value for DiD ^b

N = 188

N = 182

N = 344

N = 343

Number of IPTp doses

(mean, 95% CI)

2.3

(2.1, 2.4)

2.2

(1.9, 2.5)

2.7

(2.3, 3.1)

2.7

(2.5, 3.0)

0.2

(-0.3, 0.6)

0.51

0.39

IPTp1+ (%, 95% CI)

92.9

(89.0, 96.8)

83.0

(77.6, 88.4)

89.8

(85.8, 93.7)

93.3

(91.1, 95.6)

13.5

(4.7, 22.3)

< 0.01

0.01

IPTp2+ (%, 95% CI)

70.0

(64.1, 76.0)

71.3

(61.9, 80.8)

82.2

(76.9, 87.4)

81.0

(72.2, 89.8)

-2.5

(-16.3, 11.4)

0.73

0.86

IPTp3+ (%, 95% CI)

45.6

(38.5, 52.8)

45.1

(34.6, 55.5)

59.8

(47.0, 72.5)

66.0

(55.8, 76.3)

6.9

(-5.9, 19.6)

0.29

0.19

IPTp4+ (%, 95% CI)

16.2

(11.2, 21.1)

15.4

(7.4, 23.3)

25.8

(13.6, 38.0)

24.5

(18.8, 30.1)

-0.5

(-18.1, 17.0)

0.95

0.96

IPTp5+ (%, 95% CI)

3.1

(-0.5, 6.7)

2.8

(0.3, 5.3)

8.7

(2.9, 14.5)

6.3

(3.1, 9.4)

-2.1

(-12.1, 7.8)

0.68

0.83

Number of ANC visits

(mean, 95% CI)

3.8

(3.5, 4.2)

3.4

(3.3, 3.6)

3.5

(3.1, 3.9)

3.6

(3.4, 3.9)

0.5

(-0.2, 1.3)

0.15

0.14

ANC2+ (%, 95% CI)

97.4

(93.9, 100.9)

98.4

(96.8, 100.1)

94.6

(91.2, 98.1)

95.3

(91.3, 99.4)

-0.3

(-8.4, 7.8)

0.94

0.84

ANC3+ (%, 95% CI)

92.0

(83.3, 100.8)

80.5

(75.3, 85.6)

79.9

(71.3, 88.6)

86.0

(81.3, 90.7)

17.7

(0.9, 34.4)

0.04

0.07

ANC4+ (%, 95% CI)

63.4

(51.8, 75.0)

46.9

(37.7, 56.1)

48.1

(36.2, 59.9)

56.8

(50.9, 62.6)

25.3

(1.3, 49.3)

0.04

Gestation week for ANC1 visit

(mean, 95% CI)

18.6

(16.9, 20.4)

21.2

(20.2, 22.2)

20.3

(18.7, 22.0)

20.4

(19.6, 21.1)

-2.5

(-3.7, -1.4)

< 0.0001

IPTp intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy, ANC antenatal care visits, DiD difference-in-differences

Statistically significant p-values are bolded

^a Crude DiD models were estimated with identity link and either binomial or Poisson distribution, as appropriate

^b Adjusted DiD models were estimated with either with either log or logit link and binomial or Poisson distribution, as appropriate, and adjusted for gravidity, maternal age (< 20 vs. ≥ 20 years), and maternal education (secondary school or more)