Table 3.
Percent Endorsed with Score of 2 (More Severe) on Symptomatic ADOS-2 Toddler Module Itemse
| ADOS-2 Toddler Module Itemse | GDD n (%) | ASD-MA<12 mos n (%) | ASD-MA≥12 mos n (%) | Chi-square p (ASD-MA<12 mos vs. GDD)f | Chi-square p (ASD-MA<12 mos vs. ASD-MA≥12 mos)f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1a (frequency of babbling) | 16 (69.6%) | 21 (80.8%) | 19 (79.2%) | .508 | .999 |
| A2 (frequency of spontaneous vocalizations directed to others) | 9 (47.4%) | 26 (92.9%) | 20 (74.1%) | <.001 | .078 |
| A3 (intonation of vocalizations and verbalizations) | 1 (33.3%) | 6 (66.7%) | 7 (63.6%) | .523 | .999 |
| A6 (use of another’s body) | 3 (33.3%) | 8 (28.6%) | 12 (63.2%) | .677 | .433 |
| A7 (pointing) | 15 (68.2%) | 28 (100%) | 21 (84.0%) | .002 | .043 |
| A8 (gestures) | 16 (72.7%) | 22 (78.6%) | 17 (65.4%) | .478 | .109 |
| A9 (frequency of undirected vocalization) | 2 (28.6%) | 17 (60.7%) | 8 (44.4%) | .030 | .033 |
| B1 (unusual eye contact) | 5 (45.5%) | 22 (81.5%) | 16 (59.3%) | .047 | .074 |
| B2 (teasing toy play) | 7 (50.0%) | 15 (78.9%) | 14 (73.7%) | .136 | .999 |
| B3 (unable toy play) | 6 (75.0%) | 20 (87.0%) | 7 (58.3%) | .583 | .091 |
| B4 (facial expressions directed to others) | 3 (23.1%) | 22 (78.6%) | 12 (52.2%) | .001 | .047 |
| B5 (integration of gaze and other behaviors) | 2 (12.5%) | 22 (78.6%) | 10 (40.0%) | <.001 | .004 |
| B6 (shared enjoyment) | 2 (40.0%) | 10 (52.6%) | 9 (56.3%) | 1.000 | .830 |
| B7 (response to name) | 3 (37.5%) | 15 (60.0%) | 7 (36.8%) | .417 | .128 |
| B8 (ignore) | 9 (50.0%) | 21 (87.5%) | 19 (73.1%) | .014 | .294 |
| B9 (requesting) | 8 (66.7%) | 23 (88.5%) | 19 (73.1%) | .176 | .159 |
| B10 (amount of requesting) | 6 (27.3%) | 17 (60.7%) | 11 (50.0%) | .024 | .449 |
| B11 (giving) | 12 (75.0%) | 25 (89.3%) | 16 (66.7%) | .236 | .046 |
| B12 (showing) | 19 (82.6%) | 28 (100.0%) | 23 (85.2%) | .035 | .051 |
| B13 (spontaneous IJA) | 9 (64.3%) | 23 (85.2%) | 14 (87.5%) | .231 | .999 |
| B14 (response to JA) | 7 (41.2%) | 22 (84.6%) | N/A | .007 | N/A |
| B15 (quality of social overtures) | 2 (13.3%) | 21 (75.0%) | 10 (35.7%) | <.001 | .003 |
| B16a (amount of social overtures to examiner) | 7 (35.0%) | 27 (96.4%) | 22 (81.5%) | <.001 | .101 |
| B16b (amount of social overtures to parent) | 7 (38.9%) | 25 (96.2%) | 19 (79.2%) | <.001 | .093 |
| B17 (level of engagement) | 2 (11.8%) | 23 (88.5%) | 12 (46.2%) | <.001 | <.001 |
| B18 (quality of rapport) | 3 (21.4%) | 22 (88.0%) | 11 (44.0%) | <.001 | <.001 |
| C1 (functional play with objects) | 15 (62.5%) | 26 (92.9%) | 15 (62.5%) | .015 | .008 |
| C2 (imagination/creativity) | 23 (92.0%) | 28 (100.0%) | 23 (85.2%) | .218 | .051 |
| C3 (functional and symbolic imitation) | 14 (63.6%) | 27 (96.4%) | 18 (78.3%) | .007 | .079 |
| D1 (unusual sensory interests) | 3 (42.9%) | 16 (76.2%) | 7 (46.7%) | .165 | .069 |
| D2 (hand/finger movements) | 3 (100.0%) | 10 (66.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | .522 | .706 |
| D3 (other complex mannerisms) | 5 (62.5%) | 15 (71.4%) | 12 (85.7%) | .675 | .431 |
| D4 (SIB) | 1 (50.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 2 (50.0%) | 1.000 | .999 |
| D5 (repetitive interests/stereotyped behaviors) | 1 (14.3%) | 14 (70.0%) | 8 (34.8%) | .024 | .021 |
| E1 (overactivity) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (63.2%) | 5 (38.5%) | .006 | .169 |
| E2 (fussiness/irritability) | 2 (22.2%) | 11 (57.9%) | 6 (37.5%) | .114 | .229 |
| E4 (anxiety) | 3 (37.5%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (14.3%) | 1.000 | .559 |
Italicized p-values indicate significant chi-squares after correcting for multiple comparisons with p<.001
GDD Global Developmental Delay, ASD-MA<12 mos Autism Spectrum Disorder With Mental Age Below 12 Months, ASD-MA≥12 mosAutism Spectrum Disorder With Mental Age At or Above 12 Months, ADOS-2 Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition (endorsed items indicate impairment on item)
According to the ADOS-2 Toddler Module, assigned ratings of 3 are converted to 2 (therefore the range of possible scores for endorsed items1 or 2; percent is out of total with endorsed item)
Fisher’s exact two-tailed test run when expected cell count <5 in chi-square; Bonferroni correction to adjust for multiple comparisons