TABLE 2.
Emerging indicators across international city resilience frameworks, Sustainable Development Goals and Sendai Framework.
| Indicator | Key factors | Disaster resilience scorecard (UNDRR 2017) | City Resilience framework (Rockefeller & Arup 2014) | City Resilience profiling tool (UN-Habitat 2017) | City Resilience Action planning tool (UN-Habitat 2018) | Sustainable Development Goals (UN 2015) | Sendai framework (UNDRR 2015) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governance and legislation | Management and leadership Commitment Organisation Political leadership |
Strong leadership and commitment (p. 10) | Critical importance leadership in form of commitment (p. 5) | Role and place of administrators (p. 32) | Urban governance (p. 9) | Institution of global governance (p. 30) | Strengthen disaster risk governance (p. 17) |
| Financial capacity | Financial capacity Financial resources Economic growth Investments |
Understand economic impact of disaster and need for investment (p. 26) | Availability of financial resources and contingency funds (p. 11) | Economy and livelihoods (p. 30) | Urban economy and society (p. 9) | Sustainable economic growth (p. 25) | Investing in DRR (p. 18) |
| Urban development | Urban development Urban planning Land management |
Resilient urban development (p. 22) | Integrated development planning (p. 13) | Urban planning and design (p. 36) | Urban planning and land management (p. 25) | Urban planning and management (p. 14) | Land use and urban planning (p. 17) |
| Environment and Ecosystem management | Safeguard and protect ecosystem Ecosystem management Environmental quality and planning Climate action plan |
Protect and monitor critical ecosystems (p. 42) | Ecosystem management (p. 12) | Ecosystem services (p. 44) | Environmental management (p. 37) | Sustainable management of water and sanitation (p. 22) | Protecting ecosystems (p. 10) |
| Institutional capacity | Mutual support Education Awareness Stakeholders Commitment Partnerships |
Strengthen institutional capacity (p. 30) | Empowered stakeholders (p. 13) | Stakeholder relations (p. 33) | Partnership and civil society (p. 24) | Partnership for sustainable development (p. 30) | Collaboration and partnerships (p. 17) |
| Social capacity | Strengthen social capacity Social inclusion Social protection Participation Capacity Social vulnerability |
Strengthen societal capacity (p. 56) | Access to social protection (p. 42) | Social inclusion and protection (p. 36) | Identify poorest areas (p. 17) | Capacity of local communities (p. 29) | Social capacity (p. 11) |
| Critical infrastructure | Infrastructure resilience Maintenance Contingency plans |
Critical infrastructure systems (p. 64) | Continuity of critical services (p. 12) | Basic infrastructure (p. 36) | Resilient infrastructure (p. 18) | Resilient infrastructure (p. 22) | Critical infrastructure (p. 12) |
| Basic service delivery | Continuity of basic services Urban elements Safeguard infrastructure Institutional capacity |
Basic infrastructure (p. 22) | Safeguard human life and health (p. 10) | Urban elements: Basic infrastructure (p. 36) | Resilient infrastructure and basic infrastructure (p. 28) | Access to affordable services (p. 23) | Non-disruption of basic services (p. 12) |
| Law enforcement | Law enforcement Crime prevention Justice Peace Policies and programmes |
Implement laws and codes (p. 10) | Law enforcement and crime prevention (p. 11) | Criminal justice and law enforcement (p. 41) | Policies and legislation (p. 54) | Peaceful and inclusive communities (p. 30) | Adoption policies and programmes (p. 20) |
| Disaster risk management | Identify risk Risk reduction Risk management Safe cities Disaster response Disaster preparedness Disaster recovery Disaster reconstruction Awareness and education Risk governance |
Identify hazards and exposures (p. 18) | Reduce exposure (p. 12) | Identify shock and stresses (p. 34) | Urban disaster risk management (p. 9) | Cities to be safe, resilient and sustainable (p. 25) | Understand disaster risk (p. 14) |
DRR, disaster risk reduction.