Table 2.
Patients’ Demographic and Characteristics.
| No. with available data | Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||
| Age (year) | 1932 | 74.9 ± 11.9 |
| < 64 | - | 344 (17.8) |
| 65-74 | - | 458 (23.7) |
| 75-84 | - | 688 (35.6) |
| ≥ 85 | - | 442 (22.9) |
| Female sex | 1932 | 1372 (71.0) |
| Race (no. [%]) | 1932 | |
| White | - | 1699 (87.9) |
| Black | - | 39 (2.0) |
| Hispanic | - | 107 (5.6) |
| Asian | - | 84 (4.3) |
| Unknown | - | 3 (0.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1904 | 26.6 ± 6.0 |
| Under weight (< 17.9) | - | 60 (3.1) |
| Normal (18.0-24.9) | - | 809 (42.5) |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | - | 579 (30.4) |
| Moderate obese (30-35) | - | 293 (15.4) |
| Severe obese (≥ 35) | - | 163 (8.6) |
| Preoperative laboratory data | ||
| White blood cell count (cells/mL) | 1805 | 7.6 ± 3.0 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 1783 | 18.3 ± 9.1 |
| Increased blood urea nitrogen (≥ 20.0 mg/dL) | - | 614 (34.4) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1794 | 0.9 ± 0.6 |
| Increased creatinine (≥ 1.3 mg/dL) | - | 211 (11.8) |
| Hematocrit (%) | 1805 | 37.4 ± 5.1 |
| Platelet count (× 1000 cells/mcL) | 1802 | 243.2 ± 83.7 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 1052 | 3.6 ± 0.6 |
| Hypoalbuminemia (< 3.0 g/dL) | - | 198 (18.8) |
| Preoperative condition | ||
| ASA classification | 1932 | |
| 1 and 2 | - | 501 (26.0) |
| 3 | - | 1232 (63.9) |
| 4 | - | 195 (10.1) |
| Smoking* | 1932 | 250 (12.9) |
| Medical comorbidities | ||
| Diabetes | 1932 | 332 (16.7) |
| Dyspnea | 1932 | 253 (13.1) |
| Functional status prior to surgery | 1932 | |
| Independent | - | 1640 (84.9) |
| Partially dependent | - | 200 (10.4) |
| Totally dependent | - | 26 (1.3) |
| Unknown | 66 (3.4) | |
| History of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 1932 | 263 (13.9) |
| History of Congestive Heart Failure in 30 days before surgery | 1932 | 29 (1.5) |
| Hypertension requiring medication | 1932 | 1251 (64.8) |
| Current dialysis | 1932 | 17 (0.9) |
| Steroid use§ | 1932 | 231 (12.0) |
| Bleeding disorder | 1932 | 139 (7.2) |
| Transfusion within 72 hours before surgery | 1932 | 16 (0.8) |
| > 10% loss of body weight‡ | 1932 | 26 (1.3) |
| Surgical Characteristics | ||
| Method of Anesthesia General anesthesia |
1932 | 1712 (88.6) |
| MAC or local anesthesia | 220 (11.4) | |
| Method | 1932 | |
| Vertebroplasty | - | 191 (9.9) |
| Kyphoplasty | - | 1741 (90.1) |
| Operation time (minutes) | 1932 | 33.0 ± 23.0 |
| ≤ 30 minutes | - | 1142 (59.1) |
| > 30 minutes | - | 790 (40.9) |
The values are given as the mean ± the standard deviation or numbers (%). BMI, Body Mass Index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologist; no, numbers, * means smoking within the past year. § means oral or parenteral use of steroid in 30 days before surgery for a chronic medical condition. ‡ means 10% loss of body weight in the 6 months prior to surgery.