Table 3.
Risk Factors for Minor Complications by Univairate Logistic Regression Analysis and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis After Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factors for minor complications | P value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
P value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Age (< 64 vs. 65-74) (< 64 vs. 75-84) (< 64 vs. ≥ 85) |
0.423 0.198 0.160 0.096 |
1.981 (0.699-5.610) 2.030 (0.755-5.456) 2.382 (0.857-6.619) |
0.732
0.764 0.455 0.319 |
1.249 (0.293-5.327) 1.690 (0.427-6.694) 2.090 (0.490-8.912) |
| Male gender | 0.184 |
1.576 (0.805-3.084) |
0.295 | 0.601 (0.231-1.558) |
| BMI Normal vs. Underweight Normal vs. Overweight Normal vs. Moderate obese Normal vs. Severe obese |
0.581 0.533 0.127 0.218 0.778 |
1.606 (0.362-7.123) 1.667 (0.865-3.211) 1.646 (0.745-3.637) 1.172 (0.389-3.530) |
0.238
0.604 0.022 0.137 0.594 |
1.567 (0.202-15.151) 2.972 (1.168-7.563) 2.368 (0.760-7.383) 1.576 (0.296-8.380) |
| ASA classification (1 and 2 vs. 3) (1 and 2 vs. 4) |
0.184 0.086 0.113 |
1.961 (0.908-4.234) 2.295 (0.821-6.416) |
0.967
0.858 0.978 |
1.101 (0.381-3.184) 0.980 (0.237-4.046) |
| Albumin (< 3.0 g/dL) | 0.211 |
1.647 (0.753-3.600) |
0.181 |
1.777 (0.765-4.131) |
| Blood urea nitrogen (≥ 20.0 mg/dL) | 0.028 |
1.866
(1.068 - 3.260) |
0.813 |
1.100 (0.498-2.429) |
| Creatinine (≥ 1.3 mg/dL) | 0.412 |
1.378 (0.640-2.969) |
||
| White blood cell count | 0.002 |
1.103
(1.038 - 1.172) |
0.076 |
1.093 (0.991-1.206) |
| Smoking* | 0.636 |
1.203 (0.560-2.582) |
||
| Diabetes | 0.239 |
1.481 (0.770-2.851) |
0.704 |
1.210 (0.466-3.094) |
| Dyspnea | 0.040 |
1.989
(1.031 - 3.839) |
0.783 |
1.157 (0.411-3.255) |
| Functional status prior to surgery (Independent vs. partially and totally dependent) |
0.033
|
2.100
(1.060 - 4.163) |
0.838 |
0.893 (0.304-2.628) |
| History of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 0.026 |
2.070
(1.092 - 3.923) |
0.037 |
2.599
(1.061 - 6.367) |
| Hypertension requiring medication | 0.014 |
2.388
(1.193 - 4.784) |
0.863 |
1.087 (0.422-2.802) |
| History of Congestive Heart Failure in 30 days before surgery | 0.815 |
1.271 (0.170-9.522) |
||
| Current dialysis | 0.999 | |||
| Steroid use | 0.049 |
1.975
(1.002 - 3.893) |
0.829 |
1.117 (0.410-3.045) |
| Bleeding disorder | 0.920 |
1.055 (0.375-2.966) |
|
|
| Transfusion within 72 hours before surgery | 0.403 |
2.390 (0.310-18.432) |
||
| > 10% loss of body weight‡ | 0.998 | |||
| MAC or local anesthesia | 0.988 |
0.993 (0.420-2.351) |
||
| Procedure methods (Kyphoplasty vs. Vertebroplasty) |
0.202 |
0.607 (0.282-1.307) |
0.192 |
0.506 (0.182-1.407) |
| Operation time (≤ 30 minutes vs. > 30 minutes) |
0.111 |
0.617 (0.341-1.118) |
0.673 |
0.841 (0.337-1.721) |
CI, confidence interval; BMI, Body Mass Index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologist; * means current smoking for recent 1 year. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as a serum albumin of less than 3.0 g/dL. ‡ means 10% loss of body weight in the 6 months prior to surgery.