Table 5.
Risk Factors for Mortality by Univairate Logistic Regression Analysis and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis After Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factors for mortality | P value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
P value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Age (< 64 vs. 65-74) (< 64 vs. 75-84) (< 64 vs. ≥ 85) |
0.093
0.413 0.144 0.030 |
1.764 (0.453-6.872) 2.533 (0.728-8.811) 3.993 (1.147-13.905) |
0.784
0.979 0.584 0.489 |
0.976 (0.157-6.070) 1.608 (0.294-8.810) 1.862 (0.320-10.838) |
| Male gender | 0.621 |
1.184 (0.606-2.311) |
0.307 |
0.595 (0.220-1.611) |
| BMI Normal vs. Underweight Normal vs. Overweight Normal vs. Moderate obese Normal vs. Severe obese |
0.066
0.067 0.059 0.682 0.630 |
2.818 (0.931-8.527) 0.413 (0.165-1.035) 0.825 (0.328-2.074) 0.740 (0.217-2.519) |
0.326
0.086 0.402 0.810 0.571 |
3.772 (0.830-17.135) 0.611 (0.193-1.932) 1.171 (0.323-4.248) 1.632 (0.300-8.869) |
| ASA classification (1 and 2 vs. 3) (1 and 2 vs. 4) |
< 0.001
0.105 < 0.001 |
2.739 (0.810-9.260) 14.838 (4.273 - 51.526 ) |
< 0.001
0.275 0.010 |
3.212 (0.395-26.147) 16.604 (1.956 - 140.959) |
| Albumin (< 3.0 g/dL) | < 0.001 |
4.036
(1.979 - 8.229) |
0.087 |
2.174 (0.895-5.284) |
| Blood urea nitrogen (≥ 20.0 mg/dL) | 0.017 |
2.143
(1.143 - 4.018) |
0.448 |
0.678 (0.249-1.849) |
| Creatinine (≥ 1.3 mg/dL) | 0.001 |
3.349
(1.676 - 6.691) |
0.030 |
3.494
(1.128 - 10.823) |
| White blood cell count | 0.002 |
1.108
(1.038 - 1.182) |
0.062 |
1.107 (0.995-1.232) |
| Smoking* | 0.577 |
0.743 (0.262-2.107) |
||
| Diabetes | 0.320 |
1.465 (0.690-3.107) |
||
| Dyspnea | 0.196 |
1.681 (0.766-3.689) |
0.252 |
0.471 (0.130-1.710) |
| Functional status prior to surgery (Independent vs. partially and totally dependent) |
0.032
|
2.304
(1.076 - 4.932) |
0.209 |
1.901 (0.698-5.175) |
| History of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 0.015 |
2.413
(1.191 - 4.891) |
0.487 |
1.424 (0.525-3.864) |
| Hypertension requiring medication | 0.093 |
1.897 (0.898-4.009) |
0.610 |
0.758 (0.261-2.202) |
| History of Congestive Heart Failure in 30 days before surgery | 0.604 |
1.707 (0.227-12.864) |
||
| Current dialysis | < 0.001 |
10.876
(2.998 - 39.460) |
0.977 |
1.030 (0.139-7.619) |
| Steroid use | 0.550 |
1.307 (0.543-3.149) |
||
| Bleeding disorder | 0.490 |
1.446 (0.507-4.123) |
|
|
| Transfusion within 72 hours before surgery | 0.012 |
7.060
(1.550 - 32.152) |
0.270 |
3.435 (0.383-30.825) |
| > 10% loss of body weight‡ | 0.003 |
6.589
(1.895 - 22.913) |
0.087 |
4.676 (0.801-27.291) |
| MAC or local anesthesia | < 0.001 |
3.470
(1.738 - 6.928) |
0.019 |
3.049
(1.197 - 7.762) |
| Procedure methods (Kyphoplasty vs. Vertebroplasty) |
0.278 |
0.614 (0.254-1.482) |
0.918 |
0.937 (0.271-3.241) |
| Operation time (≤ 30 minutes vs. > 30 minutes) |
0.908 |
0.963 (0.508-1.825) |
||
CI, confidence interval; BMI, Body Mass Index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologist; * means current smoking for recent 1 year. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as a serum albumin of less than 3.0 g/dL. ‡ means 10% loss of body weight in the 6 months prior to surgery.