Table 3.
Primary and contributing placental causes of stillbirth identified by expert panellists
|
Primary placental cause |
Contributing placental causes* |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | India | Pakistan | Overall | India | Pakistan | |
| Placentas evaluated, N | 611 | 263 | 348 | 611 | 263 | 348 |
| Placental maternal or fetal vascular malperfusion | 289 (47%) | 121 (46%) | 168 (48%) | 103 (17%) | 71 (27%) | 32 (9%) |
| Placental abruption, haemorrhage, or previa | 94 (15%) | 45 (17%) | 49 (14%) | 21 (3%) | 10 (4%) | 11 (3%) |
| Chorioamnionitis, funisitis, or other infection | 88 (14%) | 43 (16%) | 45 (13%) | 183 (30%) | 57 (22%) | 126 (36%) |
| Cord complications | 1 (0%) | 0 | 1 (0%) | 3 (0%) | 0 | 3 (1%) |
| Other complications of placenta, cord, and membranes† | 56 (9%) | 15 (6%) | 41 (12%) | 100 (16%) | 25 (10%) | 75 (22%) |
| No placental cause identified | 83 (14%) | 39 (15%) | 44 (13%) | 259 (42%) | 120 (46%) | 139 (40%) |
Data are n (%) unless specified otherwise.
*
More than one contributing cause possible.
†
Other complications included small placenta for gestation age (32 for primary placental causes and 32 for contributing placental causes) and haematoma (8 for primary placental causes and 28 for contributing placental causes).