Table 1.
Depression rates recorded in the general population versus small controlled populations.
| Country | % Depression rate in general populationa | % Depression rate in controlled population |
|---|---|---|
| Angola | 3.6 | 38 – 67 (Xavier and Peixoto, 2015) (Bernatsky et al., 2007) |
| Benin | 3.9 | 11.6 – 89 ( Melgar and Rossi 2010; Nubukpo et al., 2004) |
| Botswana | 4.7 | 15–38 (Lawler et al., 2011) |
| Burkina Faso | 3.6 | 4.3 – 11 (Ouedraogo et al., 2019; Duthe et al., 2016) |
| Burundi | 4.2 | 15–43 (Tol et al., 2014; Ventevogel et al., 2014) |
| Cameroon | 3.9 | 7 – 31 (Gaynes, 2012, Ngasa, 2017) |
| Cape Verde | 4.9 | 6 (Conde et al., 2019) |
| Central African Republic | 4.2 | 5.1 – 88.6 (Fouchier and Kedia 2018; Mbelesso et al., 2014) |
| Chad | 3.5 | 3.9 – 13.1 (Koyanagi et al., 2010) |
| Democratic Republic of Congo | 3.9 | 3.8–27 (Maj et al., 1994; Koyanagi et al., 2010) |
| Cote D’Ivoire | 3.8 | 2–48.9 (Ulanja et al., 2019; Bindt et al., 2012; Koyanagi et al., 2010) |
| Equatorial Guinea | 4.2 | – |
| Eritrea | 4.3 | 6.2–81.6 (Kelifa et al., 2020; Netsereab et al., 2018; Nakash et al., 2016) |
| Ethiopia | 4.7 | 4.8–57 (Duko et al., 2018; Bitew, 2014) |
| Gabon | 4.3 | 48.4 (Camara et al., 2018) |
| Gambia | 3.9 | 7.5 – 73.9 (Sherwood et al., 2015; Bartram 2018) |
| Ghana | 4.2 | 6.2 – 62 (Cristobal-Narvaez et al., 2020; Alhassan et al., 2014) |
| Guinea | 3.9 | 13 – 34 (Secor et al., 2019; Camara et al., 2014) |
| Guinea-Bissau | 4 | – |
| Kenya | 4.4 | 6.3 – 72.9 (Cristobal-Narvaez et al., 2020; Kamau et al., 2012) |
| Lesotho | 4.8 | 8–28 (Stahlman et al., 2015; Cerutti et al., 2016) |
| Liberia | 3.5 | 12.6–40 (Vinck et al., 2013; Johnson et al., 2008) |
| Madagascar | 4.4 | 21.5 (Melgar and Rossi 2010) |
| Malawi | 4.1 | 4.2–30.3 (Stewart et al., 2009; Udedi M, 2014) |
| Mali | 3.6 | 3.3 – 26.7 (Cristobal-Narvaez et al., 2020; Zoungrana et al., 2017) |
| Mauritania | 4.1 | 2.7 – 12.4 (Melgar and Rossi, 2010; Cristobal-Narvaez et al., 2020;) |
| Mauritius | 4.4 | 6.9 – 51.8 (Cristobal-Narvaez et al., 2020; Duval et al., 2010) |
| Mozambique | 4.1 | 7.03–34 (Melgar and Rossi 2010; Zacarias et al., 2012) |
| Namibia | 4.4 | 5.6 – 30 (Cristobal-Narvaez et al., 2020; Kalomo 2018) |
| Niger | 3.4 | 75.62 (John et al., 2019) |
| Nigeria | 3.9 | 7.8 – 30.6 (Amoran et al., 2007, Abasiubong, 2011, Uche et al., 2015) |
| Rwanda | 3.8 | 5 – 75 (Binagwaho et al., 2016; Bolton et al., 2002) |
| Senegal | 3.9 | 4.5 – 57.8 (Rai et al., 2013; Diale et al., 2015; Sy et al., 2019) |
| Sierra Leone | 3.9 | 7.1 – 80 (Bah et al., 2020; Secor et al., 2019) |
| South Africa | 4.6 | 1.9 – 38 (Cooper et al., 2009; Flutterman et al., 2010) |
| South Sudan | 4.4 | 6.4 – 47.5 (Ayazi et al., 2012; Assil and Zeidan, 2013) |
| Swaziland | 4.2 | 1.7 – 22.7 (Murray and Burnham, 2009; Malgvist et al., 2016;) |
| Tanzania | 4.1 | 2.7 – 15.5 (Gaynes et al., 2012; Marwick and Kaaya 2010) |
| Togo | 3.9 | 4.4 – 39 (Nubukpo et al, 2004; Kakpovi et al., 2017) |
| Uganda | 4.6 | 8.1 – 21 (Kinyanda et al., 2011; Amone-P’Olak et al., 2013) |
| Zambia | 4 | 5.1 – 53.7 (Chipimo and Fylkesnes, 2010; Mbewe et al., 2013) |
| Zimbabwe | 4 | 2.3 – 33 (Chibanda et al., 2010; Abas and Broadhead 1997) |
a
Adapted from the WHO Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders Global Health Estimates, 2015)