Table 2.
The mst common diagnostic tools used in clinical settings and the SSA countries where use of these tools have been reported.
| Diagnostic Tool | Countries Reported | References |
|---|---|---|
| Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) | Burundi, Cote D’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe | (De Jong, 1996, Rumble, 1996, Patel, 1997, Uwakwe, 2000, Youngmann, 2008, Hanlon et al., 2008, Stewart et al., 2009, Chipimo and Fylkesnes, 2010, Scholte, 2011, Rivet-Duval et al., 2011, Nakimuli-Mpungu, 2012, Bahadur Thapa, 2014, Weobong, 2014, Familiar, 2016, Netsereab, 2018, Slekiene and Mosler, 2019) |
| Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) | Burkina Faso, Cote D’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Cong, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe | (Adewuya, 2008, Kinyanda, 2011, Kamau, 2012, Igwe, 2013, Umubyeyi, 2014, Dialé, 2015, Duthé, 2016, Kwobah, 2017, Howlett, 2018, Tang, 2019) |
| Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), | Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Cote D’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, | (Bertschy et al., 1992, Ndetei, 2009, Gaynes, 2012, Koyanagi, 2017, Cristóbal-Narváez et al., 2020, Mughal, 2020) |
| General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) | Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Ethiopia,Gambia, Kenya, Liberia, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Zambia | (Nubukpo and Preux, 2004, Bernatsky et al., 2007, Kessler, 2007, Chipimo and Fylkesnes, 2010, Scholte, 2011, Bitew, 2014; Mwape et al., 2016; Dabilgou et al.,2019; Rodriques and Pieters, 2019) |
| Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HCSL) | Benin, Botswana, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Siwerra Leone, Tanzania, Zambia | (Bolton, 2001, Bolton et al., 2002, Kaaya, 2002, Adewuya et al., 2006, Ventevogel, 2007, Bass, 2008; Weobong et al., 2009; Vinck and Pham, 2010; Guptaet al., 2010; Ertl et al., 2011; Sheikh et al., 2016; Bah et al., 2020) |
| Becks Depression and Anxiety Scales | Botswana, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, Uganda, Zambia | (Berard et al., 1998, Ndetei, 2009, Lawler, 2011, Dialé, 2015, Mossie et al., 2016, Musyimi, 2017, Tang, 2019, Mughal, 2020) |
| PHQ-9 | Botswana, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cote D’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, | (Bindt et al.,; Kaaya et al., 2002; Adewuya, 2006, Adewuya et al., 2006; Weobong et al., 2009; Ertl et al., 2011; Gaynes et al., 2012; Gelaye et al., 2013; Yotebieng et al., 2017; Audet et al., 2018; Duko et al., 2018; Osok et al., 2018; Halsted et al., 2019; Secor et al., 2020; Ngasa et al., 2017) |
| Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | Benin, Burundi, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guuinea, South Africa, Zambia, Gambia, Kenya, Senegal, Namibia, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Zambia | (Myer, 2008, Chishinga, 2011, Klis, 2011, Nakimuli-Mpungu, 2012, Othieno, 2014, Mughal, 2020) |