Table 2.

The results of studies evaluating the effect of smoking cessation on homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance in diabetic patients

Ref.	Country	Study population	Study design	Effect
Ohkuma et al[23], 2015	Japan	T2D, n = 2490	Cross-sectional study, comparison of current smokers and former smokers vs never-smokers	Positive
Voulgari et al[57], 2011	Greece	T2D, n = 193	Prospective study, comparison of smokers vs former-smokers	Positive

T1D: Type 1 diabetes; T2D: Type 2 diabetes.