Table 4.

The results of studies evaluating the effect of smoking cessation on biochemical parameters of nephropathy in diabetic patients

Ref.	Country	Study population	Study design	Effect
Ohkuma et al[77], 2016	Japan	T2D, n = 2770	Cross-sectional study, comparison of smokers, former-smokers and never-smokers	UACR–positive with increasing years after quitting
Voulgari et al[57], 2011	Greece	T2D, n = 193	Prospective study, comparison of smokers vs former-smokers	Microalbuminuria–positive
Feodoroff et al[69], 2016	Finland	T1D, n = 3613	Prospective study, comparison of smokers vs non-smokersand former-smokers vs non-smokers	Micro- and macroalbuminuria–positive

T1D: Type 1 diabetes; T2D: Type 2 diabetes; UACR: Albumin-creatinine ratio.