Table 2.
Fluid challenge characteristics and haemodynamic monitoring in the included studies
| References | Year | Vol (ml) | Vol (ml/kg) | Time (min) | Rate (ml/min) | Responsiveness cut-off | Type of fluid | Monitoring device | % R |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahjoub et al. [35] | 2010 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CARDIOQ | 76 |
| Feissel et al. [37] | 2004 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CO ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | ECO—TT/TE | 41 |
| Marik et al. [39] | 2013 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | SVI ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | NICOM | 53 |
| Wyffels et al. [41] | 2007 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 62 |
| Jozwiak et al. [43] | 2017 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 50 |
| Monnet et al. [45] | 2009 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 70 |
| Monnet et al. [47] | 2012 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 55 |
| Vaquer et al. [20] | 2020 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SVI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 34 |
| Chen et al. [49] | 2021 | 500 | – | 40 | 13 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO2 | 60 |
| Abdullah et al. [49] | 2021 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | SVI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | UNCAL—FLOWTRAC/VIGILEO | 46 |
| Messina et al. [52] | 2021 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | SVI ≥ 10% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | UNCAL—MOSTCARE | 48 |
| Taccheri et al. [54] | 2021 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 50 |
| Kaur et al. [56] | 2021 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CO ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | UNCAL—FLOWTRAC/VIGILEO | 67 |
| Biasucci et al. [58] | 2019 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 60 |
| Gavaud et al. [60] | 2019 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CO ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 90 |
| Dépret et al. [62] | 2019 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 50 |
| Messina et al. [64] | 2019 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | UNCAL—MOSTCARE | 66 |
| Vistisen et al. [66] | 2018 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SV ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | NICOM | 23 |
| Xu et al. [68] | 2017 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—Gelatine | PAC | 45 |
| Preau et al. [69] | 2017 | – | 6 | 30 | – | SVI ≥ 10% | COLL—Gelatine | CAL—PiCCO2 | 55 |
| Machare-Delgado et al. [71] | 2011 | – | 6 | 10 | – | SVI ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 32 |
| Monnet et al. [73] | 2013 | – | 7 | 30 | – | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 49 |
| Monnet et al. [74] | 2007 | 500 | – | 8 | 67 | ABF ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 54 |
| Ishihara et al. [76] | 2013 | 250 | – | 20 | 13 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—Dextran 10% | CAL—PiCCO | 54 |
| Monge Garcia et al. [78] | 2012 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CO ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CARDIOQ | 57 |
| Luzi et al. [80] | 2013 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 50 |
| Dong et al. [82] | 2012 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SVI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 69 |
| Jabot et al. [84] | 2008 | – | 20 | 10 | – | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 100 |
| Préau et al. [86] | 2010 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SV ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | ECO—TT/TE | 41 |
| Monnet et al. [88] | 2006 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | ABF ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 52 |
| Monnet et al. [47] | 2012 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 56 |
| Monnet et al. [91] | 2013 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 43 |
| Loupec et al. [93] | 2011 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CO ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | ECO—TT/TE | 53 |
| Monnet et al. [95] | 2012 | – | 8 | 30 | – | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 44 |
| Huang et al. [97] | 2008 | – | 7 | 40 | – | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 46 |
| Khwannimit et al. [98] | 2012 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SVI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | UNCAL—FLOWTRAC/VIGILEO | 57 |
| Fischer et al. [100] | 2013 | – | 7 | 15 | – | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 71 |
| Kramer et al. [102] | 2004 | – | 7 | 15 | – | CO ≥ 15% | Blood | PAC | 29 |
| Yazigi et al. [104] | 2012 | – | 10 | 20 | – | SVI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 68 |
| Wyler von Ballmoos et al. [106] | 2010 | 200 | 7 | 10 | 20 | SV ≥ 10% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 28 |
| Michard et al. [108] | 2000 | 500 | 6 | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 40 |
| Lakhal et al. [110] | 2011 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CO ≥ 10% | COLL—Gelatine | PAC | 40 |
| Muller et al. [112] | 2012 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | VTI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | ECO—TT/TE | 50 |
| Giraud et al. [114] | 2011 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | PAC | 47 |
| Suehiro et al. [116] | 2012 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | UNCAL—FLOWTRAC/VIGILEO | 48 |
| Perner et al. [117] | 2006 | – | 4 | 30 | – | CI ≥ 10% | COLL—Dextran 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 47 |
| Smorenberg et al. [118] | 2013 | 250 | – | 15 | 17 | SVI ≥ 10% | COLL—Gelatine | PAC | 44 |
| Monnet et al. [119] | 2012 | – | 10 | 30 | – | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 42 |
| Yonis et al. [121] | 2017 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CI ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 33 |
| Xiao-ting et al. [122] | 2015 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CI ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 70 |
| Biais et al. [124] | 2009 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | UNCAL—FLOWTRAC/VIGILEO | 67 |
| Mallat et al. [126] | 2015 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 45 |
| Maizel et al. [127] | 2007 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CO ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 50 |
| Lamia et al. [129] | 2007 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 59 |
| Silva et al. [131] | 2004 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 10% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 63 |
| Cecconi et al. [133] | 2012 | 250 | – | 5 | 50 | SV ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% /Dextran 10% | CAL—LiDCO | 39 |
| Georges et al. [135] | 2018 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CO ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 56 |
| Monnet et al. [137] | 2013 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 52 |
| Monnet et al. [139] | 2005 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | VTI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 53 |
| Biais et al. [141] | 2012 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | UNCAL—MOSTCARE | 54 |
| Lakhal et al. [115] | 2013 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CO ≥ 10% | COLL—Gelatine | PAC | 37 |
| Michard et al. [144] | 2003 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SVI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 49 |
| References | Year | Vol (ml) | Vol (ml/kg) | Time (min) | Rate (ml/min) | Responsiveness cut-off | Type of fluid | Monitoring device | % R |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Préau et al. [36] | 2012 | – | 6 | 30 | – | SV ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | ECO—TT/TE | 44 |
| Caille et al. [38] | 2008 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CI ≥ 10% | COLL—HES 6% | ECO—TT/TE | 43 |
| Mahjoub et al. [40] | 2012 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 71 |
| Wu et al. [42] | 2014 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CO ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 54 |
| Fellahi et al. [44] | 2012 | – | 7 | 15 | – | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 84 |
| Smorenberg et al. [46] | 2017 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CO ≥ 10% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—LiDCO | 62 |
| Muller et al. [48] | 2011 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | VTI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | ECO—TT/TE | 54 |
| Monnet et al. [28] | 2011 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 62 |
| Monge Garcia et al. [50] | 2008 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SVI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | UNCAL—FLOWTRAC/VIGILEO | 37 |
| Natalini et al. [51] | 2006 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | PAC | 59 |
| Mahjoub et al. [53] | 2009 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SV ≥ 15% | COLL—Gelatine | ECO—TT/TE | 66 |
| Fischer et al. [55] | 2013 | – | 7 | 15 | – | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 73 |
| Vistisen et al. [57] | 2009 | 500 | – | 90 | 6 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 74 |
| Kupersztych-Hagege et al. [59] | 2013 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 40 |
| Monge Garcìa et al. [61] | 2009 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SVI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | UNCAL—FLOWTRAC/VIGILEO | 50 |
| Lakhal et al. [63] | 2012 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CO ≥ 10% | COLL—Gelatine | PAC | 39 |
| Soubrier et al. [65] | 2007 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | ECO—TT/TE | 59 |
| Fellahi et al. [67] | 2012 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 56 |
| Osman et al. [22] | 2007 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 43 |
| Lakhal et al. [70] | 2010 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CO ≥ 10% | COLL—Gelatine | CAL—PiCCO | 42 |
| De Oliveira-Costa et al. [72] | 2012 | 1000 | – | 30 | 33 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | PAC | 46 |
| Velissaris et al. [23] | 2011 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 10% | COLL | PAC | 52 |
| Monnet et al. [75] | 2011 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 84 |
| Muller et al. [77] | 2010 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SVI ≥ 10% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 72 |
| Muller et al. [79] | 2008 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SVI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 51 |
| Heenen et al. [81] | 2006 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CO ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 43 |
| De Backer et al. [83] | 2005 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | PAC | 55 |
| Le Dorze et al. [85] | 2018 | 250 | – | 5 | 50 | SV ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | CARDIOQ | 35 |
| Wu et al. [87] | 2018 | 250 | – | 15 | 17 | SVI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 45 |
| Si et al. [89] | 2018 | 250 | – | 30 | 8 | SVI ≥ 15% | COLL—Albumine | CAL—PiCCO | 63 |
| Pouska et al. [90] | 2018 | – | 5 | 20 | – | SVI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 49 |
| Xu et al. [92] | 2017 | 250 | – | 10 | 25 | SV ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | NICOM | 41 |
| Soussi et al. [94] | 2017 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | CAL—PiCCO2 | 31 |
| Mallat et al. [96] | 2016 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 52 |
| Aya et al. [32] | 2016 | 250 | – | 5 | 50 | CO ≥ 10% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | CAL—LiDCO | 50 |
| Hamimy et al. [99] | 2016 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | SV ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | CARDIOQ | 89 |
| Liu et al. [101] | 2016 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CO ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 54 |
| Guérin et al. [103] | 2015 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 50 |
| Airapetian et al. [105] | 2015 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CO ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 49 |
| Messina et al. [107] | 2015 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | UNCAL—MOSTCARE | – |
| Cecconi et al. [109] | 2015 | 250 | – | 8 | 33 | CO ≥ 10% | COLL—Gelatine | CAL—PiCCO | 50 |
| Soliman et al. [111] | 2015 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | COLL—HES 6% | ECO—TT/TE | 56 |
| Nunes et al. [113] | 2014 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | PAC | 65 |
| Lakhal et al. [115] | 2013 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CO ≥ 10% | COLL—Gelatine | PAC | 37 |
| Monge García et al. [21] | 2015 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CO ≥ 10% | 0,COLL—Gelatine | CARDIOQ | 67 |
| Cecconi et al. [26] | 2013 | 250 | – | 5 | 50 | CO ≥ 10% | – | CAL—LiDCO | 43 |
| Hu et al. [24] | 2013 | 300 | – | 20 | 15 | CI ≥ 10% | COLL—HES 6% | CAL—PiCCO | 52 |
| Schnell et al. [120] | 2013 | 500 | – | 23 | 22 | ABF ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 49 |
| Pranskunas et al. [27] | 2013 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | SV ≥ 10% | – | CAL—VIGILANCE | 68 |
| Elsayed et al. [123] | 2021 | – | 4 | 15 | – | CO ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | ECO—TT/TE | 35 |
| Bataille et al. [125] | 2021 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | ECO—TT/TE | 50 |
| De Santis et al. [25] | 2021 | 500 | – | 30 | 17 | CI ≥ 10% | – | CAL—PiCCO | 58 |
| Kumar et al. [128] | 2021 | – | 10 | 30 | – | CI ≥ 10% | CRYS—Saline | UNCAL—FLOWTRAC/VIGILEO | 64 |
| Braun et al. [130] | 2020 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | CAL—PiCCO | 43 |
| Huette et al. [132] | 2020 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | ECO—TT/TE | 77 |
| Abdelfattah et al. [134] | 2020 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | CO ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 55 |
| Jacquet-Lagrèze et al. [136] | 2019 | 500 | – | 20 | 25 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | CAL—PiCCO | 38 |
| Beurton et al. [138] | 2019 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CI ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO2 | 60 |
| Roger et al. [140] | 2019 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Ringer A/L | ECO—TT/TE | 53 |
| Mukhtar et al. [142] | 2019 | 500 | – | 16 | 31 | SV ≥ 15% | COLL—Albumine | ECO—TT/TE | 68 |
| Trifi et al. [143] | 2019 | 500 | – | 15 | 33 | SV ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | ECO—TT/TE | 70 |
| Giraud et al. [145] | 2018 | 500 | – | 10 | 50 | CO ≥ 15% | CRYS—Saline | CAL—PiCCO | 45 |
COLL, colloids; CRYS, crystalloids; HES 6%, hydroxyethyl starch 6%; Ringer A\L, ringer acetate\lactate; CAL, thermodilution/chemodilution calibrated device; UNCAL, pulse wave analysis uncalibrated device; ABF, aortic blood flow; CO, cardiac output; CI, cardiac index; SV, stroke volume; SVI, stroke volume index; VTI, velocity-time integral; CardioQ, Deltex Medical Ltd, Chichester, UK; ECO-TT\TE, transthoracic\transoesophageal echocardiography; FLOWTRAC/VIGILEO, Edwards Lifescience Corporation, Irvine, Ca, USA; LIDCO, LIDCO group plc, London, UK; MOSTCARE, Pressure Recording Analytical Method, PRAM, Vytech Health®, Padova, Italy; NICOM, Non-Invasive Continuous Cardiac Output, Imedex, France; PAC, pulmonary artery catheter; PiCCO/ProAQT/PICCO2, PULSION Medical Systems; R, responders; Vol, volume