Table 1.
Summary of studies reporting the frequency and mortality of sepsis and septic shock in China
| Author | Year | Study design | No. of centers | Patients Location | Diagnosis Criteria | Sepsis mortality: cases/total number screened (%) | Septic shock mortality: cases/total number screened (%) | Severe sepsis mortality: cases/total number screened (%) | Study details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheng [22] | 2007 | Prospective | 10 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | NA | NA | 142/318 (44.7) (28-day) | Epidemiology of severe sepsis in critically ill surgical patients |
| Yang [23] | 2007 | Prospective | 6 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | NA | NA | 106/240 (44.2) (28-day) | Relationship between adrenal function and prognosis in patients with severe sepsis |
| Xie(24) | 2008 | Retrospective | 10 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | NA | 155/318 (30.5) (in-hospital) | NA | Impact of invasive fungal infection on outcomes of severe sepsis |
| Chen [25] | 2009 | Retrospective | 1 | ED | Sepsis-1 | 122/327 (37.3) (28-day) | NA | NA | Prognostic value of BNP in ED sepsis patients |
| Li [26] | 2013 | Prospective | 11 | ICU | Sepsis-2 | NA | NA | 72/218 (33.0) (28-day) | Implementing surviving sepsis campaign bundles in China |
| Wu [27] | 2013 | Prospective | 6 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | NA | NA | 110/361 (30.5) (28-day) | The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis |
| Wang [28] | 2014 | Prospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | 87/196 (44.4) (28-day) | NA | NA |
Functional polymorphisms of interferon-gamma affect pneumonia-induced sepsis |
| Xu [29] | 2014 | Prospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | NA | 9/58 (15.5) (28-day) | NA | Effect of two volume responsiveness evaluation methods on fluid resuscitation and prognosis in septic shock patients |
| Yin [30] | 2014 | Prospective | 1 | ED | Sepsis-2 | 225/680 (33.1) (28-day) | NA | NA | Thrombosis and haemostasias scoring system for overt disseminated intravascular coagulation in ED sepsis |
| Zhou [31] | 2014 | Prospective | 22 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | NA | 51/119 (42.9) [28-day] | 162/484 (33.5) (28-day) |
Epidemiology and Outcome of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in Intensive Care Units |
| Luo [32] | 2015 | Prospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | NA | 11/29 (38.0) (28-day) | NA |
Increased cardiac index attenuates septic acute kidney injury |
| Wu [33] | 2015 | Prospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-2 | NA | NA | 17/62 (27.4) (28-day) | Hypermetabolism is related to a poor outcome in Severe Sepsis |
| Li [34] | 2016 | Prospective | 7 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | NA | 48/199 (29.0) (28-day) | NA | Effects of Shenfu injection in the treatment of septic shock patients |
| Lu [35] | 2016 | Retrospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-2 | NA | NA | 18/68 (26.5) (28-day) | Peripheral T‑lymphocyte and NK cell imbalance is associated with septic encephalopathy |
| Cheng [36] | 2017 | Retrospective | 6 | ICU |
Sepsis-1, Sepsis-3 |
Sepsis-1: 58/186 (31.2) (28-day) Sepsis-3: 58/175 (33.1) (28-day) |
NA | NA | Comparison of the performance between sepsis-1 and sepsis-3 in ICUs in China |
| Wang [37] | 2017 | Prospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-3 | NA | 72/240 (30.0) [28-day] | NA | Effect of levosimendan on elderly septic shock patients |
| Yan [38] | 2017 | Prospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-2 | NA | NA | 30/63 (25.4) (28-day) | Prognostic value of left ventricular-arterial coupling in elderly patients with septic shock |
| Huang [39] | 2018 | Prospective | 1 | ED | Sepsis-1 | 4/39 (10.3) (28-day) | 17/57 (29.8) [28-day] | 8/55 (14.5) (28-day) | Lp‑PLA2 predict mortality rates of septic patients |
| Zhou [40] | 2018 | Prospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-2 | 74/178 (41.6) (in-hospital) | NA | NA |
Impact of BMI on survival of medical patients with sepsis |
| Liu [41] | 2018 | Prospective | 21 | ICU | Sepsis-2 | NA | 205/617 (33.2) (28-day) | NA | Terlipressin versus norepinephrine as infusion in patients with septic shock |
| Jiang [42] | 2019 | Retrospective | 1 | Hospital-wide | Sepsis-3 | 19/98 (19.4) (28-day) | NA | NA |
Analysis of prognostic factors of septic pulmonary embolism patients |
| Liang [43] | 2019 | Retrospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-3 | NA | 146/232 (62.9) (28-day) | NA |
Prognostic factors of mortality in Septic patients with mechanically ventilation |
| Xing [44] | 2019 | Prospective | 5 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | 58/301 (19.3) (28-day) | NA | NA |
Traditional Chinese medicine bundle therapy for septic acute gastrointestinal injury |
| Xue [45] | 2019 | Prospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | NA | NA | 18/71 (25.4) (28-day) | Alterations of Th2/Th1 in previously immunocompetent patients with community-acquired severe sepsis |
| Zhang W [13] | 2019 | Prospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-3 | 188/631 (29.8) (28-day) | NA | NA |
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in Sepsis-3 |
| Zhang Z [46] | 2019 | Retrospective | 1 | ICU | Sepsis-2 | 473/1997 (23.7) (in-hospital) | NA | NA | Prolonged stay in ED increased risk of hospital mortality in septic patients |
| Dong [14] | 2020 | Retrospective | 111 | Hospital-wide |
Sepsis-1, Sepsis-3 |
Sepsis-1: 353/1716 (20.6) (in-hospital) Sepsis-3: 299/935 (32.0) (in-hospital) |
NA | NA | External validity of Adult Sepsis Event’s simplified SOFA criteria |
| Xie [8] | 2020 | Prospective | 44 | ICU | Sepsis-1 | 824/2322 (35.5) (90-day) | NA | NA | The epidemiology of sepsis in Chinese ICUs |
| Zhao [47] | 2020 | Retrospective | 2 | ED | Sepsis-3 | 95/316 (30.1) (28-day) | NA | NA |
Serum ammonia levels for predicting sepsis patient mortality |