Table 3.
Clinical and related characteristics of participants with and without a GPMP in the 24 months preceding RCT enrolment
| With a GPMP (N = 422) | Without a GPMP (N = 483) | Total (N = 905) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biometric | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean (SD)) | 29.9 (5.5) | 29.7 (5.2) | 29.8 (5.3) |
| Waist circumference (cm) (mean (SD)) | 106.4 (14.4) | 105.7 (14.2) | 106.0 (14.3) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) (mean (SD)) | 137.0 (16.7) | 139.1 (15.9) | 138.2 (16.3) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) (mean (SD)) | 77.6 (10.8) | 80.8 (10.3) | 79.3 (10.6) |
| Clinical | |||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) (mean (SD)) | 6.3 (1.9) | 5.8 (1.7) | 6.1 (1.8) |
| Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) (median, (IQR)) | 4.0 (17.8) | 1.9 (3.8) | 2.9 (12.6) |
| Serum creatinine umol/L (mean (SD)) | 85.2 (36.8) | 85.9 (45.0) | 85.6 (41.3) |
| Total cholesterol (mean (SD)) | 4.5 (1.1) | 4.8 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.1) |
| LDL (mean (SD)) | 2.4 (0.9) | 2.8 (1.0) | 2.6 (1.0) |
| HDL (mean (SD)) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) |
| Triglycerides (mean (SD)) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.0) |
| HbA1C (mean (SD)) | 6.8 (1.3) | 6.9 (1.3) | 6.8 (1.3) |
| Number of daily medications (median (IQR)) | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 7.0) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Previous stroke | 49/422 (11.6%) | 37/483 (7.7%) | 86/905 (9.5%) |
| Coronary heart disease | 161/421 (38.2%) | 141/483 (29.2%) | 302/904 (33.4%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 20/421 (4.8%) | 13/483 (2.7%) | 33/904 (3.7%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 62/421 (14.7%) | 37/483 (7.7%) | 99/904 (11.0%) |
| Heart failure | 8/422 (1.9%) | 2/483 (0.4%) | 10/905 (1.1%) |
| Diabetes | 178/422 (42.2%) | 85/483 (17.6%) | 263/905 (29.1%) |
| COPD/emphysema | 34/421 (8.1%) | 24/483 (5.0%) | 58/904 (6.4%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13/422 (3.1%) | 14/483 (2.9%) | 27/905 (3.0%) |
| Asthma | 61/421 (14.5%) | 62/482 (12.9%) | 123/903 (13.6%) |
| Depression/Anxiety | 87/421 (20.7%) | 91/483 (18.8%) | 178/904 (19.7%) |
| Diet and Lifestyle | |||
| Servings of fruit per week (mean (SD)) | 11.4 (8.5) | 11.2 (8.5) | 11.3 (8.5) |
| Servings of vegetables per week (mean (SD)) | 16.2 (9.7) | 15.7 (9.6) | 15.9 (9.6) |
| Servings of fish per week (mean (SD)) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.2) |
| Use of olive oil for cooking | 307/418 (73.4%) | 331/479 (69.1%) | 638/897 (71.1%) |
| Sodium control in diet | 309/420 (73.6%) | 344/477 (72.1%) | 653/897 (72.8%) |
| Current smoker (self-reported or CO reading > 8 ppm) | 50/417 (12.0%) | 65/476 (13.7%) | 115/893 (12.9%) |
| Alcohol consumption per week (standard drinks): Median (Q1, Q3) | 2.0 (0.0, 10.0) | 5.0 (0.0, 14.0) | 4.0 (0.0, 12.0) |
| Quality of life (mean EQ5D visual analogue score (SD)) | 79.0 (15.0) | 80.8 (13.6) | 80.0 (14.3) |
| GPAQ Sedentary metric: Mean (SD) | 340.4 (184.1) | 366.2 (186.3) | 354.2 (185.6) |
| Health Literacy Scales (selected measures) | |||
| Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers: Mean (SD) | 3.4 (0.4) | 3.3 (0.5) | 3.3 (0.4) |
| Having sufficient information to manage my health: Mean (SD) | 2.9 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.4) | 2.9 (0.5) |
| Actively managing my health: Mean (SD) | 2.9 (0.4) | 2.9 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.5) |
| Social support for health: Mean (SD) | 3.1 (0.5) | 3.1 (0.4) | 3.1 (0.5) |
| Appraisal of health information: Mean (SD) | 2.8 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.5) |
| Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers: Mean (SD) | 4.3 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.5) |
| Navigating the healthcare system: Mean (SD) | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.5) |
| Ability to find good health information: Mean (SD) | 4.0 (0.6) | 4.0 (0.5) | 4.0 (0.5) |
| Understand health information well enough to know what to do: Mean (SD) | 4.2 (0.5) | 4.2 (0.5) | 4.2 (0.5) |
Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, BP Blood pressure, CO Carbon monoxide, COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GPAQ Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, GPMP General practice management plan, HbA1c Glycosylated haemoglobin, HDL High density lipoprotein, IQR Interquartile range, LDL Low density lipoprotein