Table 3.
Demographics, laboratory investigations, imaging, and outcomes for the cohort (n = 174)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age (months), mean (SD) | 58 (± 32) |
| Male, n (%) | 97 (56) |
| Vital signs | |
| Temperature (°C), median [IQR] | 38.3 [37.4,39.1] |
| Heart rate (beats/min), median [IQR] | 140 [126,157] |
| RR (breaths/min), median [IQR] | 34 [29, 42] |
| Oxygen saturation (%), median [IQR] | 97 [96,98] |
| MBP (mmHg), median [IQR] | 77 [71,86] |
| Hemodynamic findings | |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg), median [IQR] | 40 [35, 45] |
| Stroke volume index (ml/m2), median [IQR] | 38 [32, 44] |
| Cardiac index (l/min/m2), median [IQR] | 5 [4.3,5.8] |
| Systemic vascular resistive index (d.s.cm−5m2), median [IQR] | 1314 [1152,1630] |
| Laboratory investigations | |
| Packed Cell Volume (%), median [IQR] | 26 [22, 30] |
| Glucose (mmol/L), median [IQR] | 5.65 [4.5, 6.5] |
| Lactate (mmol/L), median [IQR] | 4.2 [2.3,6.9] |
| Parasites/microliter blood, median [IQR] | 255,000 [9300,665000] |
| PfHRP2 (ng/mL), median [IQR] | 571 [219,1332] |
| pH, median [IQR] | 7.41 [7.35,7.46] |
| CO2 (mmHg), median [IQR] | 28 [24, 33] |
| Base excess, median [IQR] | − 5 [− 9,− 2] |
| Sodium (mEq/L), median [IQR] | 138 [135,143] |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L), median [IQR] | 17 [13, 20] |
| Clinical Features | |
| Retinopathy positive, n (%) | 115 (66%) |
| Blantyre coma score, n (%) | |
| 0 | 26 (15%) |
| 1 | 64 (37%) |
| 2 | 84 (48%) |
| Seizures on EEG, n (%) | 16 (9%) |
| Papilloedema present, n (%) | 10 (7%) |
| Opening pressure (cm H20), median [IQR] | 17 [12, 22] |
| ONSD (mm), median [IQR] | 4.8 [4.4,5.1] |
| Time to coma resolution (hrs), median [IQR] | 38 [22,70] |
| Magnetic resonance imaging findings (n = 94)ǂ | |
| Brain volume score, n (%) | |
| 3 | 7 (7%) |
| 4 | 8 (8%) |
| 5 | 33 (35%) |
| 6 | 24 (26%) |
| 7 | 18 (19%) |
| 8 | 4 (5%) |
| Outcome | |
| Good, n (%) | |
| PCPC 1–2 (normal, mild disability) | 118 (68%) |
| Poor, n (%) | |
| PCPC 3–5 (moderate to severe disability) | 33 (19%) |
| PCPC 6 (died) | 23 (13%) |
n number, SD standard deviations, IQR interquartile range, hrs hours, RR respiratory rate, MBP mean blood pressure, mmHg millimeters mercury, SVRI systemic vascular resistive index, PfHRP2 Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2, CO2 carbon dioxide, NIRS near-infrared spectroscopy, SO2 cerebral oxygen saturation, EEG electroencephalogram, OP opening pressure, ONSD optic nerve sheath diameter, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, TCD transcranial doppler ultrasound, CSF cerebrospinal fluid
ǂMRI not available for all participants