Hudak 1996.

Methods	Randomized multicenter trial Blinding of randomization: yes (sealed envelopes) Blinding of intervention: yes Complete follow‐up: no (7 excluded) Blinding of outcome measurement: yes Stratification by birth weight
Participants	Respiratory distress syndrome Assisted ventilation a/A ratio less than or equal to 0.22 Age less than 72 hours No evidence of life‐threatening congenital malformation Colfosceril palmitate (Exosurf Neonatal) n=508 Infasurf n=525
Interventions	Infasurf v. colfosceril palmitate (Exosurf Neonatal) Treatment crossover for persistent respiratory insufficiency allowed after second dose
Outcomes	PRIMARY: Pulmonary airleak SECONDARY: Crossover treatment Severity of RDS Mortality Survival without chronic lung disease Complications of prematurity Days on assisted ventilation Days in oxygen Days in hospital
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Blinding of randomization: yes (sealed envelopes)
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinding of intervention: yes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinding of outcome measurement: yes
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Complete follow‐up: no (7 excluded)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk