Table 3.
Resistance phenotypes and genotypes of the 13 Salmonella enterica strains isolated from chicken giblets.
| Salmonella serotypes | Resistance phenotypes Antibiotics to which the isolates were resistant |
Resistance genes |
|---|---|---|
| Salmonella Kentucky | ESBL-producing and CR CEPH (CPD, CTX, CAZ, CRO) and CR (ETP, MEM) |
bla TEM,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Virchow | ESBL-producing* and CR CEPH (FOX, CPD, CTX, CAZ) and CR (ETP) |
bla SHV,bla TEM,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Typhimurium | ESBL-producing* and CR CEPH (FOX, CPD, CTX, CAZ) and CR (ETP) |
bla SHV,bla TEM,bla OXA-1,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Irumu | ESBL-producing* and CR CEPH (CPD, CTX, CAZ); ATM; and CR (ETP, MEM) |
bla SHV,bla TEM,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Enteritidis | ESBL-producing*
CEPH (FOX, CPD, CTX) |
bla SHV,bla TEM,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Kentucky | non-ESBL-producing*
CEPH (CPD, CTX, CAZ, CRO); CTC*, CAC*; ATM |
bla TEM,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Virchow | non-ESBL-producing* and CR CEPH (CPD, CAZ, CRO); CAC*; and CR (ETP) |
bla SHV,bla TEM,bla KPC,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Bargny | non-ESBL-producing* and CR CEPH (CPD, CTX, CRO); CTC*; ATM; and CR (ETP, MEM) |
bla SHV,bla TEM,bla OXA-1,bla KPC,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Bargny | non-ESBL-producing* and CR CEPH (CPD, CTX, CRO); CTC*; ATM; and CR (ETP, MEM) |
bla SHV,bla TEM,bla OXA-1,bla KPC,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Bargny | non-ESBL-producing*
CEPH (CTX, CRO); CTC* |
bla SHV,bla TEM,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Infantis | non-ESBL-producing* and CR CEPH (CPD, CTX, CRO); CTC; ATM; and CR (ETP, MEM) |
bla SHV,bla TEM,bla KPC,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Abo | non-ESBL-producing* and CR CEPH (CPD, CTX, CAZ, CRO, CPM); CTC*, CAC*; ATM, and CR (ETP) |
bla SHV,bla CTXM,bla KPC,bla CMY-2 |
| Salmonella Abo | non-ESBL-producing* and CR CEPH (CPD, CTX, CAZ, CRO, CPM); CTC*, CAC*; ATM; and CR (ETP, MEM) |
bla SHV,bla CTXM |
*
The phenotype of the isolates was determined to be ESBL-producing or non-ESBL-producing based on the results of the double disk-diffusion test with clavulanic acid (CTC or CAC), ESBL=Extended-spectrum β-lactamase, ESCR=Extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant, CR=Carbapenems-resistant, FOX=Cefoxitin, CPD=Cefpodoxime, CTX=Cefotaxime, CAZ=Ceftazidime, CRO=Ceftriaxone, CPM=Cefepime, ATM=Aztreonam, MEM=Meropenem, ETP=Ertapenem