Table 2.
Summary statistics of temporal profiles of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, total GLP-1, and active GLP-1 for vehicle and exendin-(9-39) treatment groups
| Vehicle | Treatment group 1 | Treatment group 2 | P | Treatment group 3 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose | ||||||
| AUC (mg/dL ⋅ min) | 2,7312.94 ± 1,124.83 | 30,945.98 ± 2,011.99 | 32,889.67 ± 2,362.37 | * | 31,238.10 ± 3,491.33 | |
| Cmax (mg/dL) | 95.31 ± 7.00 | 104.65 ± 8.82 | 108.24 ± 8.45 | 105.00 ± 17.48 | ||
| TCmax (min) | 33.42 ± 19.44 | 74.12 ± 21.14 | 109.02 ± 37.81 | 195.79 ± 54.92 | ** | |
| Insulin | ||||||
| AUC (μU/mL ⋅ min) | 1,621.54 ± 266.78 | 1,491.97 ± 193.21 | 1,415.49 ± 193.21 | 695.82 ± 285.74 | ** | |
| Cmax (μU/mL) | 5.89 ± 1.10 | 5.11 ± 1.06 | 5.08 ± 0.94 | 2.95 ± 1.02 | ** | |
| TCmax (min) | 251.57 ± 37.16 | 270.69 ± 43.35 | 250.94 ± 40.85 | 291.40 ± 58.83 | ||
| C-peptide | ||||||
| AUC (ng/mL ⋅ min) | 282.58 ± 39.36 | 270.75 ± 39.67 | 249.89 ± 34.41 | ** | 140.35 ± 45.87 | *** |
| Cmax (ng/mL) | 0.98 ± 0.15 | 0.94 ± 0.15 | 0.94 ± 0.14 | 0.58 ± 0.14 | *** | |
| TCmax (min) | 83.99 ± 32.45 | 71.90 ± 32.90 | 57.17 ± 45.78 | −5.12 ± 17.61 | * | |
| Glucagon | ||||||
| AUC (pg/mL ⋅ min) | 22,875.82 ± 2,653.40 | 23,572.46 ± 2,904.13 | 23,929.40 ± 2,690.01 | 22,191.67 ± 3,592.63 | ||
| Cmax (pg/mL) | 78.08 ± 7.93 | 76.38 ± 7.85 | 76.58 ± 7.76 | 74.92 ± 13.96 | ||
| TCmax (min) | 180.41 ± 28.11 | 249.87 ± 43.09 | 175.57 ± 47.02 | 291.75 ± 31.48 | ** | |
| Total GLP-1 | ||||||
| AUC (pmol/L ⋅ min) | 4,904.45 ± 676.28 | 6,046.20 ± 1,654.59 | 5,558.14 ± 907.55 | 5,400.13 ± 1,053.32 | ||
| Cmax (pmol/L) | 18.85 ± 2.62 | 21.51 ± 5.83 | 21.69 ± 3.67 | 16.05 ± 4.31 | ||
| TCmax (min) | 166.44 ± 37.98 | 292.58 ± 36.71 | 304.11 ± 31.58 | 301.77 ± 23.49 | ||
| Active GLP-1 | ||||||
| AUC (pmol/L ⋅ min) | 1,378.76 ± 260.63 | 1,274.50 ± 244.32 | 1,550.44 ± 340.52 | 1,469.20 ± 351.98 | ||
| Cmax (pmol/L) | 5.44 ± 1.00 | 3.81 ± 0.79 | 6.65 ± 1.73 | 4.78 ± 1.19 | ||
| TCmax (min) | 192.08 ± 36.08 | 193.72 ± 56.31 | 262.71 ± 55.16 | 215.12 ± 29.18 |
Data are statistical model–adjusted means ± SE. Treatment group 1, exendin-(9-39) infusion rate 300 pmol/kg/min for 2 h, then 100 pmol/kg/min for 2 h, and then 300 pmol/kg/min for 2 h; treatment group 2, exendin-(9-39) infusion rate 300 pmol/kg/min for 2 h, then 500 pmol/kg/min for 2 h, and then 300 pmol/kg/min for 2 h; and treatment group 3, exendin-(9-39) infusion rate 500 pmol/kg/min for 6 h.
*
P ≤ 0.05;
**
P ≤ 0.01;
***
P ≤ 0.001.