Table 1.

The baseline and perioperative characteristics of the study population

Metrics	Endoscopic group	Non-endoscopic group	P value
Baseline
Age, yr	60.40 ± 9.55	55.34 ± 12.71	0.033
Sex (male), n %	20 (46.51%)	22 (41.51%)	0.623
Pre-operative GCS score	6.00 (6.00-7.00)	7.00 (6.00-8.00)	0.216
Graeb score	9.00 (7.00-10.00)	8.00 (6.00-9.00)	0.023
Perioperative
Operation time, hours	2.42 (2.17-2.88)	1.08 (0.82-3.33)	< 0.001
Hematoma clearance rate, %	60.50% (53.20%-70.40%)	10.20% (6.60%-18.90%)	< 0.001
GCS score improvement	4.00 (2.00-4.50)	1.00 (-1.00-2.00)	< 0.001
Drainage, d	5.00 (5.00-6.00)	5.00 (5.00-6.00)	0.288
ICU stay, d	6.00 (3.00-9.00)	7.00 (5.00-10.00)	0.017
Hospitalization time, d	26.00 (18.50-33.00)	26.00 (19.00-40.00)	0.292

Normally distributed variables are presented as the mean ± SD and were compared using t-tests. Non-normally distributed variables are presented as the median and interquartile range and were compared using nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis tests. The Graeb score was used to assess the severity of hemorrhage. ^aP < 0.05. GCS: Glasgow coma scale.